Raymond-Lezman Jonathan R, Riskin Suzanne I
Department of Foundational Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clearwater, USA.
Cureus. 2024 Mar 18;16(3):e56369. doi: 10.7759/cureus.56369. eCollection 2024 Mar.
Sunscreen is widely used for ultraviolet radiation protection. Studies validate sun protection factors (SPFs) to prevent ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin changes such as melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Few studies examine sunscreen's impact on endocrine and immune system dysregulation, the production of radical oxygen species, and whether the ingredients deteriorate under prolonged exposure. We present an investigation of sunscreen labels and how ingredients impact sun safety and human health. A review of the literature was conducted using Embase and PubMed to examine sunscreen safety, efficacy, and use to prevent UV-induced skin damage. Increasing sunscreen reapplication, wearing protective clothing, and limiting exposure can reduce the incidence of skin cancer. Inorganic sunscreens form barriers to block UV light, but without titanium dioxide (TiO), they may not be advantageous due to their low UVA protection. Organic sunscreens absorb into the skin and provide a better feeling after application. Octocrylene and avobenzone are stable and provide UVA and UVB protection with minimal adverse effects. Oxybenzone is harmful to the neuroendocrine system and should be avoided. Titanium dioxide works for broad-spectrum UV protection and offers minimal adverse effects. Octocrylene and avobenzone are organic sunscreen ingredients that also provide a better feeling on the skin after application, which enables higher rates of use. Oxybenzone should be avoided.
防晒霜被广泛用于保护皮肤免受紫外线辐射。多项研究证实防晒系数（SPF）可预防紫外线（UV）引起的皮肤变化，如黑色素瘤和鳞状细胞癌（SCC）。很少有研究探讨防晒霜对内分泌和免疫系统失调、活性氧生成的影响，以及其成分在长时间暴露下是否会变质。我们开展了一项关于防晒霜标签以及成分如何影响防晒安全性和人类健康的调查。利用Embase和PubMed对文献进行了综述，以研究防晒霜的安全性、有效性以及预防紫外线引起的皮肤损伤的用途。增加防晒霜的涂抹次数、穿着防护服以及限制暴露时间可降低皮肤癌的发病率。无机防晒霜形成屏障以阻挡紫外线，但如果没有二氧化钛（TiO），由于其对紫外线A（UVA）的防护能力较低，可能并无优势。有机防晒霜可被皮肤吸收，涂抹后感觉更佳。二乙氨羟苯甲酰和阿伏苯宗性质稳定，能提供UVA和UVB防护，且副作用极小。氧苯酮对神经内分泌系统有害，应避免使用。二氧化钛可提供广谱紫外线防护，且副作用极小。二乙氨羟苯甲酰和阿伏苯宗是有机防晒成分，涂抹后在皮肤上的感觉也更佳，这使得它们的使用率更高。应避免使用氧苯酮。
