Gunther Kelley E, Fu Xiaoxue, MacNeill Leigha, Vallorani Alicia, Ermanni Briana, Pérez-Edgar Koraly
Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
Department of Psychology, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2022 May;50(5):637-648. doi: 10.1007/s10802-021-00881-2. Epub 2021 Oct 25.
The temperament profile Behavioral Inhibition (BI) is a strong predictor of internalizing behaviors in childhood. Patterns of attention towards or away from threat are a commonality of both BI and internalizing behaviors. Attention biases are traditionally measured with computer tasks presenting affective stimuli, which can lack ecological validity. Recent studies suggest that naturalistic visual attention need not mirror findings from computer tasks, and, more specifically, children high in BI may attend less to threats in naturalistic tasks. Here, we characterized latent trajectories of naturalistic visual attention over time to a female stranger, measured with mobile eye tracking, among kindergarteners oversampled for BI. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) revealed two latent trajectories: 1) high initial orienting to the stranger, gradual decay, and recovery, and 2) low initial orienting and continued avoidance. Higher probability of membership to the "avoidant" group was linked to greater report of internalizing behaviors. We demonstrate the efficacy of mobile eye tracking in quantifying naturalistic patterns of visual attention to social novelty, as well as the importance of naturalistic measures of attention in characterizing socioemotional risk factors.
气质特征行为抑制（BI）是儿童内化行为的一个强有力的预测指标。对威胁的关注或回避模式是BI和内化行为的一个共同特征。传统上，注意力偏差是通过呈现情感刺激的计算机任务来测量的，而这些任务可能缺乏生态效度。最近的研究表明，自然主义的视觉注意力不一定反映计算机任务的结果，更具体地说，BI得分高的儿童在自然主义任务中可能对威胁的关注度较低。在此，我们通过移动眼动追踪测量了在BI抽样过多的幼儿园儿童中，随着时间推移对陌生女性的自然主义视觉注意力的潜在轨迹。基于组的轨迹建模（GBTM）揭示了两条潜在轨迹：1）对陌生人的初始定向较高，逐渐衰减，然后恢复；2）初始定向较低且持续回避。属于“回避型”组的较高概率与内化行为的更多报告相关。我们证明了移动眼动追踪在量化对社会新奇事物的自然主义视觉注意力模式方面的有效性，以及注意力的自然主义测量在表征社会情感风险因素方面的重要性。
