Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Institute of Geospatial Engineering and Geodesy, Military University of Technology (WAT), 00-908 Warszawa, Poland.
Department of Imagery Intelligence, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Military University of Technology (WAT), 00-908 Warszawa, Poland.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Oct 12;21(20):6765. doi: 10.3390/s21206765.
Applying georadar (GPR) technology for detecting underground utilities is an important element of the comprehensive assessment of the location and ground infrastructure status. These works are usually connected with the conducted investment processes or serialised inventory of underground fittings. The detection of infrastructure is also crucial in implementing the BIM technology, 3D cadastre, and planned network modernization works. GPR detection accuracy depends on the type of equipment used, the selected detection method, and external factors. The multitude of techniques used for localizing underground utilities and constantly growing accuracy demands resulting from the fact that it is often necessary to detect infrastructure under challenging conditions of dense urban development leads to the need to improve the existing technologies. The factor that motivated us to start research on assessing the precision and accuracy of ground penetrating radar detection was the need to ensure the appropriate accuracy, precision, and reliability of detecting underground utilities versus different methods and analyses. The results of the multi-variant GPR were subjected to statistical testing. Various analyses were also conducted, depending on the detection method and on the current soil parameters using a unique sensor probe. When planning detection routes, we took into account regular, established grids and tracked the trajectory of movement of the equipment using GNSS receivers (internal and external ones). Moreover, a specialist probe was used to evaluate the potential influence of the changing soil conditions on the obtained detection results. Our tests were conducted in a developed area for ten months. The results confirmed a strong correlation between the obtained accuracy and the measurement method used, while the correlation with the other factors discussed here was significantly weaker.
应用地质雷达（GPR）技术探测地下设施是全面评估位置和地面基础设施状况的重要组成部分。这些工作通常与进行的投资过程或地下配件的序列化库存有关。基础设施的探测对于实施 BIM 技术、3D 地籍和计划网络现代化工作也至关重要。GPR 探测的准确性取决于所使用的设备类型、选择的探测方法和外部因素。用于定位地下设施的技术种类繁多，并且由于经常需要在密集城市发展的挑战性条件下检测基础设施，因此对准确性的要求不断提高，这导致需要改进现有技术。促使我们开始评估探地雷达探测精度和准确性的研究的因素是需要确保针对不同方法和分析，对地下设施的探测具有适当的准确性、精度和可靠性。对多变量 GPR 的结果进行了统计测试。还根据检测方法和当前土壤参数进行了各种分析，使用独特的传感器探头。在规划检测路线时，我们考虑了规则的、已建立的网格，并使用 GNSS 接收器（内部和外部）跟踪设备的运动轨迹。此外，还使用专用探头来评估土壤条件变化对获得的检测结果的潜在影响。我们的测试在一个发达地区进行了十个月。结果证实了获得的准确性与所使用的测量方法之间存在很强的相关性，而与这里讨论的其他因素之间的相关性则明显较弱。
