Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Jan 22;20(3):607. doi: 10.3390/s20030607.
This paper presents the results of a research study where ground penetrating radar (GPR) was successfully used to reveal the remains of the Württemberg-Stambol Gate in the subsurface of Republic Square, in Belgrade, Serbia. GPR investigations were carried out in the context of renovation works in the square, which involved rearranging traffic control, expanding the pedestrian zone, renewing the surface layer, and valorising existing archaeological structures. The presence of the gate remains was suggested by historical documents and information from previous restoration works. A pulsed radar unit was used for the survey, with antennas having 200- and 400-MHz central frequencies. Data were recorded over a grid and two three-dimensional models were built, one for each set of antennas. The grid was the same for both sets of antennas, therefore the two models could be compared. Several horizontal cross sections of the models were plotted, corresponding to different depths; these images were carefully examined and interpreted, paying particular attention to signatures that could originate from the sought archaeological structures. Reflections coming from the gate remains were identified in both models, in the same region of the survey area and at the same depth; the geometry, size, and layout of the gate columns, as well as of other construction elements belonging to the gate, were determined with very good accuracy. Based on the GPR findings, archaeological excavation works were carried out in the region where the foundation remains were estimated to be. The presence of the remains was confirmed, with various columns and side walls. This case study demonstrates and further corroborates the effectiveness and reliability of GPR for the non-invasive prospection of archaeological structures hidden in the heterogeneous subsurface of urban environments. In the opinion of the authors, GPR should be incorporated as a routine field procedure in construction and renovation projects involving historical cities.
本文展示了一项研究成果，该研究成功地使用探地雷达（GPR）揭示了塞尔维亚贝尔格莱德共和国广场地下的符腾堡-斯坦博尔门遗址。GPR 调查是在广场翻新工程的背景下进行的，该工程涉及重新布置交通管制、扩大行人区、更新表面层和挖掘现有考古结构的价值。门遗址的存在是由历史文献和以前修复工作的信息提示的。该研究使用脉冲雷达单元进行调查，天线的中心频率为 200MHz 和 400MHz。数据是在网格上记录的，并为每个天线组构建了两个三维模型。两个模型的网格是相同的，因此可以进行比较。绘制了几个模型的水平横截面，对应不同的深度；这些图像经过仔细检查和解释，特别注意可能源自所寻求的考古结构的特征。在两个模型中都在相同的调查区域和相同的深度识别到来自门遗址的反射；门柱的几何形状、大小和布局以及属于门的其他建筑元素都以非常高的精度确定。根据 GPR 的发现，在估计基础遗迹所在的区域进行了考古挖掘工作。该遗迹的存在得到了确认，其中包括各种柱子和侧墙。该案例研究证明并进一步证实了 GPR 在非侵入式探测隐藏在城市环境不均匀地下的考古结构方面的有效性和可靠性。作者认为，GPR 应该作为涉及历史名城的建筑和翻新项目的常规现场程序纳入。
