Prata Joana C, Silva Ana L Patrício, Duarte Armando C, Rocha-Santos Teresa
Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Front Environ Sci Eng. 2022;16(1):5. doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1439-x. Epub 2021 Oct 20.
As a European Union (EU) member, Portugal must comply with reductions in plastic waste. In Portugal, the 330 items/100 m of beach litter, comprising up to 3.9 million pieces and of which 88% is plastic, is higher than the EU median (149 items/100 m) and must be reduced to 20 items/100 m (94%). Integrative measures are needed to reduce littering and improve plastics' use and disposal under the circular economy. Of this 414 kt of plastic packaging waste, 163 kt were declared plastic packaging, 140 kt subjected to recycling, and 94 kt to energy recovery. The current recycling rate of plastic packaging (34%) should be improved to reach EU recycling averages (42%) and goals and to provide widespread benefits, considering revenues of 167 €/t. As a net importer of waste, Portugal could benefit from the valorization of imported waste. Besides increased recycling, pyrolysis and gasification could provide short-term alternatives for producing value-added substances from plastic waste, such as hydrogen, consistent with the National Plan of Hydrogen and improving ongoing regulations on single-use plastics. This manuscript provides an integrative view of plastics in Portugal, from use to disposal, providing specific recommendations under the circular economy.
Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11783-021-1439-x and is accessible for authorized users.
作为欧盟成员国，葡萄牙必须遵守减少塑料垃圾的规定。在葡萄牙，每100米海滩垃圾中有330件物品，总计达390万件，其中88%为塑料，这一比例高于欧盟中位数（每100米149件），必须降至每100米20件（94%）。需要采取综合措施来减少垃圾乱扔现象，并在循环经济下改善塑料的使用和处置。在这41.4万吨塑料包装垃圾中，16.3万吨被申报为塑料包装，14万吨进行了回收利用，9.4万吨用于能源回收。考虑到每吨167欧元的收入，目前塑料包装的回收率（34%）应提高，以达到欧盟回收平均水平（42%）及目标，并带来广泛益处。作为垃圾净进口国，葡萄牙可从进口垃圾的增值中受益。除了提高回收率外，热解和气化可为从塑料垃圾中生产增值物质（如氢气）提供短期替代方案，这与国家氢能计划一致，并完善现行的一次性塑料法规。本手稿从使用到处置对葡萄牙的塑料情况进行了综合阐述，并在循环经济下提出了具体建议。
补充材料可在本文的在线版本中获取，链接为https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1439-x，授权用户可访问。
