The valuable interaction among cardiac surgeon and electrophysiologist for transvenous rotational mechanical lead extraction.

BACKGROUND

Recent studies have shown that Evolution RL bidirectional rotational mechanical sheath (Cook Medical, USA) is an effective and safe technique for transvenous lead extraction (TLE). We reported our experience with the bidirectional rotational mechanical tools using a multidisciplinary approach highlighting the value of a joint cardiac surgeon and electrophysiologist collaboration.

METHODS

The study population comprised 84 patients (77% male; mean age 65 ± 18 years) undergoing TLE. After a multidisciplinary evaluation, a combined procedure was considered.

RESULTS

The main indication for TLE was infection in 54 cases (64%). Overall, 152 leads were extracted with a mean implant duration of 94 ± 63 months (range 12-421). Complete procedural success rate, clinical success rate, and lead removal with clinical success rate were 91.6% (77/84), 97.6% (82/84), and 98.6% (150/152), respectively. Eighteen combined procedures were performed in 12 patients (14%), such as "hybrid approach" (n = 2) or TLE concomitant to: 1) transcatheter aspiration procedure for large vegetation (n = 8); 2) left ventricular assistance device implantation as bridge to cardiac transplantation (n = 1); 3) permanent pacing with epicardial leads (n = 6); 4) tricuspid valve replacement (n = 1). One major complication (1.2%) and 11 (13%) minor complications were encountered. No injury to the superior vena cava occurred and no procedure-related deaths were reported. During a mean time follow-up of 21 ± 18 months, 17 patients (20%) died. They were more often diabetics (p = .02), and they underwent TLE more often for infection (p = .004).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results support the finding that excellent outcomes can be achieved in performing TLE of chronically implanted leads by using the Evolution RL bidirectional rotational mechanical sheath and a multidisciplinary team approach involving both electrophysiologist and cardiac surgeon as first line operators.