Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Napoli, Italy.
Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2022 May;73(3):285-295. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1993154. Epub 2021 Oct 26.
Sleep disorders are very often underestimated and, consequently, not treated with due priority. Common sleep disorders include insomnia disorders, sleep-related breathing disorders, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, sleep-related movement disorders, parasomnias, and other sleep disorders. The ketogenic diet (KD) is rich in fat, low in carbohydrates (CHO), and adequate in protein. The KD has shown several applications in treating medical conditions, such as epilepsy, neurodegenerative disorders, obesity with its comorbidities, and sleep disorders, with encouraging results. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to address the primary sleep disorders and their respective standard therapeutic approaches, analyse the effect of ketone bodies (KBs) on sleep homeostasis, and the effects of KD on sleep disorders and in particular on obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome. The goal is to summarise the evidence existing up to now on the subject, to provide a starting point for further investigations.
睡眠障碍常常被低估，因此没有得到应有的优先治疗。常见的睡眠障碍包括失眠障碍、与睡眠相关的呼吸障碍、中枢性嗜睡障碍、昼夜节律睡眠-觉醒障碍、与睡眠相关的运动障碍、睡行症和其他睡眠障碍。生酮饮食（KD）富含脂肪，碳水化合物（CHO）含量低，蛋白质含量充足。KD 在治疗癫痫、神经退行性疾病、肥胖及其合并症、睡眠障碍等医学疾病方面显示出了多种应用，取得了令人鼓舞的效果。因此，本综述的目的是探讨主要的睡眠障碍及其相应的标准治疗方法，分析酮体（KBs）对睡眠稳态的影响，以及 KD 对睡眠障碍的影响，特别是对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）综合征的影响。旨在总结目前关于这一主题的证据，为进一步的研究提供一个起点。
