College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China.
College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar;29(13):19003-19018. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16928-2. Epub 2021 Oct 27.
In this study, the groundwater (GW) in the high-fluorine area of the Southwestern Shandong Plain was divided according to the characteristics of high Na% (> 75%), and its water chemistry characteristics and causes were discussed separately, and the hydrochemical process of the formation of high-fluorine GW was determined. Finally, the GW quality of the study area was evaluated. The results proved that silicate hydrolysis can significantly promote the release of F in fluorine-containing minerals; high %Na can be used as one of the early-warning conditions for judging high-fluoride areas. To this end, 132 GW samples were collected from 66 wells during the dry and wet seasons. The study area was found to have weakly alkaline GW (pH 7.1-8.9) and could be divided into high %Na areas (HNA) and non-HNA. GW exhibited different hydrochemical characteristics between HNA and non-HNA. In non-HNA, total hardness (TH) exceeded 200 mg/L, and total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 514.1 to 5246.1 mg/L; in HNA, TH was less than 200 mg/L, TDS ranged from 552.8 to 1298.3 mg/L, and Na increased with TDS, whereas Ca and Mg contents were low. The main water type in HNA was HCO-Na and in non-HNA was SO·Cl-Ca·Mg and SO·Cl-Na. The study area is experiencing serious fluoride pollution. GW in HNA is mostly controlled by carbonate and silicate hydrolysis and evaporation, whereas GW in non-HNA is controlled by dolomite dissolution and cation exchange in the main. Moreover, GW in HNA has significantly been altered by albite hydrolysis, which produces Na and HCO and triggers various reactions promoting the release of F from fluorine-containing minerals (FCM). Regarding the water quality for irrigation, GW in HNA was found to be less suitable than that in non-HNA. Nevertheless, in terms of the water quality index (WQI), GW is moderate for drinking and poor for irrigation. Therefore, extensive attention should be paid to the exploitation and management of high-sodium GW in the plain area.
在本研究中，根据高钠（%Na > 75%）的特点对鲁西南平原高氟区地下水（GW）进行了划分，并分别讨论了其水化学特征和成因，确定了高氟 GW 形成的水文地球化学过程。最后，对研究区 GW 质量进行了评价。结果表明，硅酸盐水解可以显著促进含氟矿物中 F 的释放；高%Na 可作为判断高氟区的早期预警条件之一。为此，在干、湿季节采集了 66 口井的 132 个 GW 样品。研究区 GW 呈弱碱性（pH 7.1-8.9），可分为高%Na 区（HNA）和非 HNA。HNA 和非 HNA 的 GW 具有不同的水化学特征。在非 HNA 中，总硬度（TH）超过 200mg/L，总溶解固体（TDS）范围为 514.1-5246.1mg/L；在 HNA 中，TH 小于 200mg/L，TDS 范围为 552.8-1298.3mg/L，Na 随 TDS 增加而增加，而 Ca 和 Mg 含量较低。HNA 中的主要水型为 HCO-Na，而非 HNA 中的主要水型为 SO·Cl-Ca·Mg 和 SO·Cl-Na。研究区正面临严重的氟污染。HNA 中的 GW 主要受碳酸盐和硅酸盐水解及蒸发的控制，而非 HNA 中的 GW 主要受白云岩溶解和阳离子交换的控制。此外，HNA 中的 GW 受到钠长石水解的显著影响，产生 Na 和 HCO，引发各种反应，促进含氟矿物（FCM）中 F 的释放。就灌溉用水水质而言，HNA 中的 GW 不如非 HNA 中的 GW 适合。然而，就水质指数（WQI）而言，GW 用于饮用为中等，用于灌溉为较差。因此，应高度关注平原区高钠 GW 的开发和管理。
