Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Oct 28;16(10):e0258826. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258826. eCollection 2021.
Risk taking is a complex heterogeneous construct that has proven difficult to assess, especially when using behavioral tasks. We present an exploratory investigation of new measure-the Assessment of Physical Risk Taking (APRT). APRT produces a variety of different outcome scores and is designed as a comprehensive assessment of the probability of success and failure, and magnitude of reward and punishment of different types of simulated physically risky behaviors. Effects observed on the simulated behaviors are hypothesized to reflect similar effects on real world physical risks. Participants (N = 224) completed APRT in a laboratory setting, half of whom had a 1.5 s delay interposed between button presses. Exploratory analyses utilizing generalized estimating equations examined the main effects and two-way interactions among five within-subject factors, as well as two-way interactions between the within-subject factors and Delay across four APRT outcome scores. Results indicated that Injury Magnitude and Injury Probability exerted stronger effects than any of the other independent variables. Participants also completed several self-report measures of risk taking and associated constructs (e.g., sensation seeking), which were correlated with APRT scores to assess the preliminary convergent and divergent validity of the new measure. After correcting for multiple comparisons, APRT scores correlated with self-reported risk taking in thrilling, physically dangerous activities specifically, but only for those who did not have a delay between APRT responses. This promising exploratory investigation highlights the need for future studies comparing APRT to other behavioral risk taking tasks, examining the robustness of the observed APRT effects, and investigating how APRT may predict real-world physical risk taking.
冒险行为是一种复杂的异质结构，很难评估，尤其是在使用行为任务时。我们提出了一种新的测量方法——身体冒险行为评估（APRT）的探索性研究。APRT 产生了各种不同的结果分数，旨在全面评估不同类型模拟身体冒险行为的成功和失败概率、奖励和惩罚的大小。假设在模拟行为中观察到的效果反映了对现实世界身体风险的类似影响。224 名参与者在实验室环境中完成了 APRT，其中一半在按钮按下之间插入了 1.5 秒的延迟。利用广义估计方程进行的探索性分析检查了五个自变量内的主要效应和双向交互作用，以及自变量内和延迟之间的双向交互作用对四个 APRT 结果分数的影响。结果表明，伤害程度和伤害概率比任何其他自变量都具有更强的影响。参与者还完成了几项冒险行为和相关结构的自我报告测量（例如，感觉寻求），这些测量与 APRT 分数相关，以评估新测量的初步收敛和发散效度。在进行多次比较校正后，APRT 分数与自我报告的冒险行为，特别是在刺激和身体危险的活动中相关，但仅适用于那些没有在 APRT 反应之间延迟的人。这项有前景的探索性研究强调了未来研究将 APRT 与其他行为冒险任务进行比较、检验观察到的 APRT 效果的稳健性以及研究 APRT 如何预测现实世界身体冒险行为的必要性。
