Department of Psychology,Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh, PA,USA.
Department of Psychology,University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA,USA.
Psychol Med. 2019 Jul;49(10):1678-1690. doi: 10.1017/S0033291718002295. Epub 2018 Sep 4.
Trait impulsivity is thought to play a key role in predicting behaviors on the externalizing spectrum, such as drug and alcohol use and aggression. Research suggests that impulsivity may not be a unitary construct, but rather multidimensional in nature with dimensions varying across self-report assessments and laboratory behavioral tasks. Few studies with large samples have included a range of impulsivity-related measures and assessed several externalizing behaviors to clarify the predictive validity of these assessments on important life outcomes.
Community adults (N = 1295) between the ages of 30 and 54 completed a multidimensional assessment of impulsivity-related traits (including 54 self-report scales of personality traits implicated in impulsive behaviors, and four behavioral tasks purporting to assess a construct similar to impulsivity) and reported on five externalizing behavioral outcomes (i.e. drug, alcohol, and cigarette use, and physical and verbal aggression). We ran an exploratory factor analysis on the trait scales, and then a structural equation model predicting the externalizing behaviors from the three higher-order personality factors (i.e. Disinhibition v. Constraint/Conscientiousness, Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality, and Extraversion/Positive Emotionality) and the four behavioral tasks.
Relations between the self-report factors and behavioral tasks were small or nonexistent. Associations between the self-report factors and the externalizing outcomes were generally medium to large, but relationships between the behavioral tasks and externalizing outcomes were either nonexistent or small.
These results partially replicate and extend recent meta-analytic findings reported by Sharma et al. (2014) to further clarify the predictive validity of impulsivity-related trait scales and laboratory behavioral tasks on externalizing behaviors.
特质冲动性被认为在预测外向型行为（如药物和酒精使用以及攻击性）方面起着关键作用。研究表明，冲动性可能不是一个单一的结构，而是本质上多维度的，维度因自我报告评估和实验室行为任务而异。很少有大样本量的研究包括一系列与冲动性相关的测量方法，并评估了几种外向型行为，以明确这些评估对重要生活结果的预测有效性。
年龄在 30 至 54 岁之间的社区成年人（N=1295）完成了冲动性相关特质的多维评估（包括 54 个自我报告的人格特质量表，这些特质与冲动行为有关，以及四个旨在评估类似于冲动性的构念的行为任务），并报告了五种外向型行为结果（即药物、酒精和香烟使用，以及身体和言语攻击）。我们对特质量表进行了探索性因素分析，然后从三个高阶人格因素（即抑制 v. 约束/尽责性、神经质/消极情绪性和外向性/积极情绪性）和四个行为任务预测外向型行为的结构方程模型。
自我报告因素与行为任务之间的关系很小或不存在。自我报告因素与外向型行为结果之间的关联通常是中等至较大的，但行为任务与外向型行为结果之间的关联要么不存在，要么很小。
这些结果部分复制和扩展了 Sharma 等人（2014 年）最近的元分析结果，进一步澄清了与冲动性相关的特质量表和实验室行为任务对外向型行为的预测有效性。
