Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Ellen Wilkinson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, England.
Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Oct 28;21(1):1955. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12008-9.
Workplace transmission is a significant contributor to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks. Previous studies have found that infectious illness presenteeism could contribute to outbreaks in occupational settings and identified multiple occupational and organisational risk factors. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to investigate presenteeism particularly in relation to respiratory infectious disease (RID). Hence, this rapid review aims to determine the prevalence of RID-related presenteeism, including COVID-19, and examines the reported reasons and associated risk factors.
The review followed a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) search approach and focused on studies published in English and Chinese. Database searches included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI) and preprint databases MedRxiv and BioRxiv.
The search yielded 54 studies, of which four investigated COVID-19-related presenteeism. Prevalence of work presenteeism ranged from 14.1 to 55% for confirmed RID, and 6.6 to 100% for those working with suspected or subclinical RID. The included studies demonstrated that RID-related presenteeism is associated with occupation, sick pay policy, age, gender, health behaviour and perception, vaccination, peer pressure and organisational factors such as presenteeism culture.
This review demonstrates that presenteeism or non-adherence to isolation guidance is a real concern and can contribute to workplace transmissions and outbreaks. Policies which would support workers financially and improve productivity, should include a range of effective non-pharmaceutical inventions such as workplace testing, promoting occupational health services, reviewing pay and bonus schemes and clear messaging to encourage workers to stay at home when ill. Future research should focus on the more vulnerable and precarious occupational groups, and their inter-relationships, to develop comprehensive intervention programs to reduce RID-related presenteeism.
工作场所传播是导致严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 爆发的重要因素。先前的研究发现，传染性疾病出勤可导致职业环境中的爆发，并确定了多个职业和组织风险因素。在 COVID-19 大流行期间，调查出勤情况，特别是与呼吸道传染病 (RID) 相关的出勤情况至关重要。因此，本快速综述旨在确定与 RID 相关的出勤情况（包括 COVID-19）的流行率，并检查报告的原因和相关的危险因素。
综述遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 搜索方法，重点关注发表在英语和中文的研究。数据库搜索包括 MEDLINE、EMBASE、Web of Science、中国知识资源综合数据库 (CNKI) 和预印本数据库 MedRxiv 和 BioRxiv。
搜索结果产生了 54 项研究，其中 4 项研究调查了与 COVID-19 相关的出勤情况。确诊 RID 的工作出勤患病率为 14.1%至 55%，而与疑似或亚临床 RID 一起工作的患病率为 6.6%至 100%。所纳入的研究表明，与 RID 相关的出勤与职业、病假政策、年龄、性别、健康行为和认知、疫苗接种、同伴压力以及组织因素（如出勤文化）有关。
本综述表明，出勤或不遵守隔离指导是一个现实的问题，可能导致工作场所传播和爆发。支持工人的财政和提高生产力的政策应包括一系列有效的非药物发明，如工作场所检测、促进职业健康服务、审查薪酬和奖金计划以及明确信息，鼓励工人在生病时留在家中。未来的研究应侧重于更脆弱和不稳定的职业群体及其相互关系，以制定全面的干预计划，减少与 RID 相关的出勤。
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