Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Jan 16;24(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-08993-y.
Recent pandemics have had far-reaching effects on the world's largest economies and amplified the need to estimate the full extent and range of socioeconomic impacts of infectious diseases outbreaks on multi-sectoral industries. This systematic review aims to evaluate the socioeconomic impacts of airborne and droplet-borne infectious diseases outbreaks on industries.
A structured, systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IDEAS/REPEC, OSHLINE, HSELINE, and NIOSHTIC-2 were reviewed. Study quality appraisal was performed using the Table of Evidence Levels from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Joanna Briggs Institute tools, Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and Center of Evidence Based Management case study critical appraisal checklist. Quantitative analysis was not attempted due to the heterogeneity of included studies. A qualitative synthesis of primary studies examining socioeconomic impact of airborne and droplet-borne infectious diseases outbreaks in any industry was performed and a framework based on empirical findings was conceptualized.
A total of 55 studies conducted from 1984 to 2021 were included, reporting on 46,813,038 participants working in multiple industries across the globe. The quality of articles were good. On the whole, direct socioeconomic impacts of Coronavirus Disease 2019, influenza, influenza A (H1N1), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, tuberculosis and norovirus outbreaks include increased morbidity, mortality, and health costs. This had then led to indirect impacts including social impacts such as employment crises and reduced workforce size as well as economic impacts such as demand shock, supply chain disruptions, increased supply and production cost, service and business disruptions, and financial and Gross Domestic Product loss, attributable to productivity losses from illnesses as well as national policy responses to contain the diseases.
Evidence suggests that airborne and droplet-borne infectious diseases have inflicted severe socioeconomic costs on regional and global industries. Further research is needed to better understand their long-term socioeconomic impacts to support improved industry preparedness and response capacity for outbreaks. Public and private stakeholders at local, national, and international levels must join forces to ensure informed systems and sector-specific cost-sharing strategies for optimal global health and economic security.
最近的大流行对世界上最大的经济体产生了深远的影响，加剧了需要估计传染病爆发对多部门行业的全面和广泛的社会经济影响的需求。本系统评价旨在评估空气传播和飞沫传播传染病爆发对行业的社会经济影响。
根据 PRISMA 指南进行了结构化的系统评价。检索了 PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、IDEAS/REPEC、OSHLINE、HSELINE 和 NIOSHTIC-2 数据库。使用辛辛那提儿童医院医疗中心的证据水平表、乔安娜·布里格斯研究所工具、混合方法评价工具和循证管理案例研究关键评价清单对研究质量进行了评估。由于纳入研究的异质性，未尝试进行定量分析。对检查空气传播和飞沫传播传染病爆发对任何行业的社会经济影响的主要研究进行了定性综合，并根据实证发现提出了一个框架。
共纳入了 1984 年至 2021 年期间进行的 55 项研究，报告了全球多个行业的 46813038 名参与者。文章的质量很好。总的来说，2019 年冠状病毒病、流感、甲型流感（H1N1）、严重急性呼吸综合征、结核病和诺如病毒爆发的直接社会经济影响包括发病率、死亡率和卫生保健成本增加。这继而导致了间接影响，包括社会影响，如就业危机和劳动力规模缩小，以及经济影响，如需求冲击、供应链中断、增加供应和生产成本、服务和商业中断以及金融和国内生产总值损失，这归因于疾病导致的生产力损失和国家遏制疾病的政策反应。
证据表明，空气传播和飞沫传播传染病给区域和全球产业造成了严重的社会经济成本。需要进一步研究，以更好地了解其长期的社会经济影响，为爆发提供更好的行业准备和应对能力。地方、国家和国际各级的公共和私营利益攸关方必须团结一致，确保建立知情系统和特定部门的成本分担战略，以实现最佳的全球健康和经济安全。
