Hogan Neil R
Integrated Threat and Risk Assessment Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Psychiatr Psychol Law. 2020 Jun 16;28(2):218-234. doi: 10.1080/13218719.2020.1767719. eCollection 2021.
Existing risk communication procedures are marred by various well-documented problems and inconsistencies. The Council of State Governments' Justice Center (United States) developed a five-level system for risk and needs communication, to standardize these procedures and to provide a common risk language. Introduction of a common language could constitute a dramatic shift in criminal justice processes, with wide-ranging impacts. This article provides a critical review of the system and its suitability for application to various risk assessment functions. Issues discussed include: applicability to specialist and generalist offending behavior, the characteristics of suitable instruments, statistical and conceptual priorities, barriers to precision in language, and conceptual issues related to changes in risk level. A thorough understanding of each of these issues is necessary to apply the system to new contexts and populations, and facilitate straightforward and precise risk communication. Absent further elaboration of the system, many problems with risk communication will persist.
现有的风险沟通程序存在各种有充分记录的问题和不一致之处。美国州政府司法中心制定了一个五级风险与需求沟通系统，以规范这些程序并提供通用的风险语言。引入通用语言可能会给刑事司法程序带来巨大转变，产生广泛影响。本文对该系统及其适用于各种风险评估功能的情况进行了批判性审视。讨论的问题包括：适用于专业和一般犯罪行为、适用工具的特点、统计和概念上的优先事项、语言精确性的障碍以及与风险水平变化相关的概念问题。要将该系统应用于新的背景和人群，并促进直接而精确的风险沟通，必须对这些问题中的每一个都有透彻的理解。如果不对该系统进行进一步阐述，风险沟通的许多问题将持续存在。
