Lutz Antoine, Chételat Gael, Collette Fabienne, Klimecki Olga M, Marchant Natalie L, Gonneaud Julie
Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U1237, Université de Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.
Ageing Res Rev. 2021 Dec;72:101495. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101495. Epub 2021 Oct 27.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a major health and societal issue; there is no treatment to date and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disease are not well understood. Yet, there is hope that AD risk factors and thus the number of AD cases can be significantly reduced by prevention measures based on lifestyle modifications as targeted by non-pharmacological preventive interventions. So far, these interventions have rarely targeted the psycho-affective risk factors related to depression, stress, anxiety, and feeling of loneliness, which are all prevalent in ageing. This paper presents the hypothesis that the regular practice of mindfulness meditation (MM) and loving-kindness and compassion meditation (LKCM) in the ageing population constitutes a lifestyle that is protective against AD. In this model, these practices can promote cognition, mental health, and well-being by strengthening attention control, metacognitive monitoring, emotion regulation and pro-social capacities. Training these capacities could reduce the risk of AD by upregulating beneficial age-related factors such as cognitive reserve, and down-regulating detrimental age-related factors, such as stress, or depression. As an illustration, we present the Medit-Ageing study (public name Silver Santé Study), an on-going European project that assesses the impact and mechanisms of non-pharmacological interventions including meditation, in the ageing population.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一个重大的健康和社会问题；迄今为止尚无治疗方法，且该疾病的病理生理机制尚未完全明确。然而，人们寄希望于通过基于生活方式改变的预防措施来显著降低AD风险因素以及AD病例数量，这些措施正是非药物预防性干预的目标所在。到目前为止，这些干预措施很少针对与抑郁、压力、焦虑和孤独感相关的心理情感风险因素，而这些因素在老年人中都很普遍。本文提出这样一个假说：老年人群中定期进行正念冥想（MM）以及慈爱与慈悲冥想（LKCM）构成了一种预防AD的生活方式。在此模型中，这些练习可以通过加强注意力控制、元认知监测、情绪调节和亲社会能力来促进认知、心理健康和幸福感。训练这些能力可以通过上调有益的年龄相关因素（如认知储备）和下调有害的年龄相关因素（如压力或抑郁）来降低患AD的风险。作为例证，我们介绍了“冥想与衰老”研究（通用名称为“银色健康”研究），这是一个正在进行的欧洲项目，旨在评估包括冥想在内的非药物干预措施对老年人群的影响及作用机制。
