Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA.
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
J Nutr. 2022 Jan 11;152(1):217-226. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab327.
There is increasing recognition that a morning or evening preference is associated with time of eating, metabolic health, and morbidity. However, few studies have examined the association of time of eating with mortality.
To examine the association of time of first recalled ingestive episode with the prospective risk of all-cause mortality.
We used mortality-linked data from the NHANES conducted in 1988-1994 and 1999-2014 (n = 34,609; age ≥ 40 years). The exposure was quartiles (Q1-Q4) of clock time of first eating episode self-reported in the baseline 24-hour dietary recall. The outcome was follow-up time from the date of NHANES examination to the date of death or end of the follow-up period (31 December 2015). We used proportional hazards regression methods to determine the independent association of time of first eating episode with relative hazard of all-cause mortality, with adjustments for multiple covariates and the complex survey design. Multiple linear regression methods were used to examine the associations of time of first eating episode with baseline cardiometabolic biomarkers and dietary attributes.
In this national cohort, with a median age of ∼55 years (95% CI: 54.6-55.4 years) at baseline and a median follow-up of 8.3 years (IQR, 8.75 years), there were 10,303 deaths. The median times of first eating episodes in Q1-Q4 were 05:45, 07:00, 08:00, and 10:00, respectively. Covariate-adjusted relative hazards of mortality in Q1 to Q3 of the time of the first eating episode were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81-0.96), 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81-0.95), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.87-1.02), with Q4 as the referent (P = 0.0008). Qualitative dietary attributes were inversely related with the time of the first eating episode; however, BMI and serum concentrations of glycemic biomarkers increased with later times of first eating episode (P ≤ 0.0001).
Recall of an earlier time of the first eating episode by ≥40-year-old US participants was suggestive of a small relative survival advantage in this observational study.
越来越多的人认识到，早晨或傍晚的偏好与进食时间、代谢健康和发病率有关。然而，很少有研究探讨进食时间与死亡率之间的关系。
研究首次回忆进食时间与全因死亡率的前瞻性风险之间的关系。
我们使用了 1988-1994 年和 1999-2014 年进行的 NHANES 中与死亡率相关的数据（n=34609；年龄≥40 岁）。暴露因素为基线 24 小时膳食回忆中首次进食时间的四分位数（Q1-Q4）。结果是从 NHANES 检查之日到死亡之日或随访期结束（2015 年 12 月 31 日）的随访时间。我们使用比例风险回归方法确定首次进食时间与全因死亡率的相对危险之间的独立关系，同时调整了多个协变量和复杂的调查设计。使用多元线性回归方法来研究首次进食时间与基线心血管代谢生物标志物和饮食特征之间的关系。
在这个全国性队列中，基线时的平均年龄约为 55 岁（95%置信区间：54.6-55.4 岁），平均随访时间为 8.3 年（IQR：8.75 年），有 10303 人死亡。Q1-Q4 首次进食时间的中位数分别为 05:45、07:00、08:00 和 10:00。首次进食时间在 Q1-Q3 的调整后死亡风险比为 0.88（95%置信区间：0.81-0.96）、0.88（95%置信区间：0.81-0.95）、0.94（95%置信区间：0.87-1.02），Q4 为参考（P=0.0008）。定性饮食特征与首次进食时间呈负相关；然而，BMI 和血糖生物标志物的血清浓度随着首次进食时间的推迟而增加（P≤0.0001）。
在这项观察性研究中，≥40 岁的美国参与者回忆起较早的首次进食时间，提示相对生存优势较小。
