Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
Department of Life Sciences, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
Curr Med Chem. 2022;29(18):3160-3178. doi: 10.2174/0929867328666211101095131.
Phenolic compounds (PC) have many health benefits such as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. All of these activities depend on their chemical structures and their interaction with biological targets in the body. PC occur naturally in polymerized form, linked to glycosides and require metabolic transformation from their ingestion to their absorption. The gut microbiota can transform PC into more easily absorbed metabolites. PC, in turn, have prebiotic and antimicrobial actions on the microbiota. Despite this, their low oral bioavailability still compromises biological performance. Therefore, the use of nanocarriers has been demonstrated to be a useful strategy to improve PC absorption and, consequently, their health effects. Nanotechnology is an excellent alternative able to overcome the limits of oral bioavailability of PC, since it offers protection from degradation during their passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, nanotechnology is also capable of promoting controlled PC release and modulating the interaction between PC and the microbiota. However, little is known about the impact of nanotechnology on PC effects on the gut microbiota. This review highlights the use of nanotechnology for PC delivery on gut microbiota, focusing on the ability of such formulations to enhance oral bioavailability by applying nanocarriers (polymeric nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles). In addition, the effects of free and nanocarried PC or nanocarriers per se on gut microbiota are also described.
酚类化合物（PC）具有许多健康益处，如抗氧化、抗癌、神经保护和抗炎活性。所有这些活动都取决于它们的化学结构及其与体内生物靶标的相互作用。PC 以聚合形式存在，与糖苷结合，并需要在摄入后进行代谢转化才能被吸收。肠道微生物群可以将 PC 转化为更容易吸收的代谢物。反过来，PC 对微生物群具有益生元和抗菌作用。尽管如此，其低口服生物利用度仍然影响其生物学性能。因此，已经证明使用纳米载体是提高 PC 吸收的有效策略，从而提高其健康效果。纳米技术是一种出色的替代方法，能够克服 PC 口服生物利用度的限制，因为它能够在通过胃肠道时提供保护，防止降解。此外，纳米技术还能够促进 PC 的控制释放，并调节 PC 与微生物群之间的相互作用。然而，对于纳米技术对 PC 对肠道微生物群影响的了解甚少。本综述重点介绍了纳米技术在肠道微生物群中 PC 传递的应用，重点介绍了通过应用纳米载体（聚合物纳米颗粒、纳米结构化脂质载体、固体脂质纳米颗粒）来提高口服生物利用度的能力。此外，还描述了游离 PC 和纳米载 PC 或纳米载体本身对肠道微生物群的影响。
