Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
Biomed Res Int. 2021 Oct 20;2021:8383875. doi: 10.1155/2021/8383875. eCollection 2021.
The effect of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) on fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels in diabetic patients is rarely investigated. This study is aimed at investigating the possible association between NGAL and HbF levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 160 patients with T2DM and 61 healthy individuals were evaluated. NGAL, HbF, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), interleukin-5 (IL-5), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and urine albumin levels were measured. HbF levels were significantly higher in patients with elevated NGAL than in those without elevated NGAL (1.44% versus 0.94%, = 0.001). High HbF was 2.3 times more prevalent in patients with elevated NGAL than in those without elevated NGAL. In addition, NGAL, TNF-, and IL-5 levels were significantly higher in patients with high HbF than in those with low HbF; however, there was no significant difference in HbA1c and FPG levels between the two groups. HbF was positively correlated with NGAL ( = 0.275, < 0.001), TNF- ( = 0.256, < 0.001), and IL-5 ( = 0.212, < 0.001), but not with HbA1c and FPG. An elevated NGAL level led to a 1.27-fold increase in the prevalence of high HbF (odds ratio: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03-2.51, and < 0.001). The diagnostic efficacy of NGAL to identify an elevated HbF level was superior to that of HbA1c (area under the curve: 0.697, 95% CI: 0.609-0.786 versus 0.584, 95% CI: 0.488-0.681, and = 0.022). In conclusion, enhanced NGAL production may be closely linked to elevated HbF in conjunction with proinflammatory cytokines in patients with T2DM.
中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白（NGAL）对糖尿病患者胎儿血红蛋白（HbF）水平的影响很少被研究。本研究旨在探讨 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者中 NGAL 与 HbF 水平之间的可能联系。评估了 160 名 T2DM 患者和 61 名健康个体。测量了 NGAL、HbF、肿瘤坏死因子-（TNF-）、白细胞介素-5（IL-5）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹血糖（FPG）和尿白蛋白水平。NGAL 升高的患者的 HbF 水平明显高于 NGAL 不升高的患者（1.44%对 0.94%，= 0.001）。NGAL 升高的患者中，HbF 升高的患者比 NGAL 不升高的患者多 2.3 倍。此外，HbF 升高的患者的 NGAL、TNF-和 IL-5 水平明显高于 HbF 降低的患者；然而，两组的 HbA1c 和 FPG 水平无显著差异。HbF 与 NGAL（= 0.275，< 0.001）、TNF-（= 0.256，< 0.001）和 IL-5（= 0.212，< 0.001）呈正相关，但与 HbA1c 和 FPG 无关。NGAL 水平升高导致 HbF 升高的患病率增加 1.27 倍（比值比：1.27，95%置信区间：1.03-2.51，< 0.001）。NGAL 识别 HbF 水平升高的诊断效能优于 HbA1c（曲线下面积：0.697，95%置信区间：0.609-0.786 对 0.584，95%置信区间：0.488-0.681，= 0.022）。总之，在 T2DM 患者中，与促炎细胞因子一起，增强的 NGAL 产生可能与 HbF 升高密切相关。
