Shao Yuxin, Ma Weihong, Ji Feng, Sun Xiaoshan, Du Shaohua, Li Xing, Li Qifeng, Wang Zheng
Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China.
ACS Omega. 2021 Oct 12;6(42):27726-27736. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02977. eCollection 2021 Oct 26.
Pigeon milk is a curdlike substance separated from the mature crop epithelium of breeders, associated with the rapid growth and development of squabs. The aim of this study was to investigate in detail the variations in the content of several important ingredients in crop milk. In this study, we utilized proteomic techniques to investigate the composition and changing pattern of crop milk protein of squabs on days 1 (D1), 3 (D3), and 7 (D7). Our results indicated that the crude protein contents in crop milk decreased with age, and they were up to 50% during the first 3 days. The proteomic data showed that a total of 2558 proteins were identified in all samples from three stages, and the top 15% crop milk proteins were ribosomal protein, keratin, peroxiredoxin, annexin, heat shock protein, and eukaryotic translation protein based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis and normalized spectral abundance factors (NSAFs) calculation. Furthermore, the compositions of crop milk protein between D1 and D3 were quite similar [51 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs)], while great proteomic differences were observed between D1/D3 and D7 (more than 240 DEPs). Additionally, gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that up-regulated DEPs mainly participate in immune response, while down-regulated DEPs were involved in cell differentiation and development as well as tRNA aminoacylation biosynthesis. In conclusion, DEPs were mainly related to protein synthesis, immunity, and antioxidation, which provided effective information for the development of artificial squab milk products in the future.
鸽乳是一种从种鸽成熟嗉囊上皮分离出的凝乳状物质，与雏鸽的快速生长发育有关。本研究的目的是详细探究嗉囊乳中几种重要成分含量的变化。在本研究中，我们利用蛋白质组学技术研究了雏鸽在第1天（D1）、第3天（D3）和第7天（D7）时嗉囊乳蛋白质的组成及变化模式。我们的结果表明，嗉囊乳中的粗蛋白含量随日龄增加而降低，在前3天高达50%。蛋白质组学数据显示，基于液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）分析和标准化光谱丰度因子（NSAFs）计算，在三个阶段的所有样本中共鉴定出2558种蛋白质，含量排名前15%的嗉囊乳蛋白质为核糖体蛋白、角蛋白、过氧化物酶、膜联蛋白、热休克蛋白和真核翻译蛋白。此外，D1和D3之间嗉囊乳蛋白质的组成相当相似[51种差异表达蛋白（DEPs）]，而在D1/D3和D7之间观察到了很大的蛋白质组差异（超过240种DEPs）。另外，基因本体（GO）富集和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路分析表明，上调的DEPs主要参与免疫反应，而下调的DEPs则参与细胞分化发育以及tRNA氨酰化生物合成。总之，DEPs主要与蛋白质合成、免疫和抗氧化有关，为未来人工雏鸽乳产品的开发提供了有效信息。
