Hewlett Sandra Ama, Anto Francis, Blankson Paa Kwesi, Tormeti Daniel, Ayettey-Adamafio Mary, Bayitse Phillip, Danso-Appiah Tony, Amoah Albert G
Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Ghana Dental School, Accra, Ghana.
Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana.
J Periodontol. 2022 May;93(5):732-744. doi: 10.1002/JPER.21-0329. Epub 2022 Jan 3.
Periodontitis is a major public health problem affecting many adults, with considerable variation in its prevalence and severity worldwide. There is little data on its prevalence or associated risk factors in Ghana making development of evidence based preventive programs challenging. This study assessed the prevalence, severity, extent, and associated risk factors of periodontitis in an adult Ghanaian population.
A population based cross-sectional study involving adults aged ≥25 years in the Greater Accra Region (GAR) of Ghana. A random stratified two-stage sampling method was used to select participants from rural and urban communities. Data on sociodemographic and risk factors were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. A full-mouth periodontal examination was performed to diagnose and describe the severity of periodontitis following the CDC-AAP case definition.
A total of 729 participants were included in the study, with a mean age of 43.9 ± 14.6 years and 61% being female. Majority (84.8%) presented with gingivitis, 46.7% had periodontitis with 41.8% having both, and 13.9% had severe periodontitis. The mean clinical attachment loss (AL) was 1.36 ± 0.67 mm and 1.41 ± 0.57 mm for probing depth (PD). Factors associated with periodontitis included, increasing age, smoking, and alcohol use; being Muslim provided lower odds of disease. Older people, former smoking, being underweight and not having health insurance were associated with severe periodontitis.
This study shows a high burden of periodontitis with comparatively more severe disease. Existing sociodemographic disparities in disease burden highlights the need of developing targeted population based preventive programs.
牙周炎是一个影响众多成年人的主要公共卫生问题，其患病率和严重程度在全球范围内存在很大差异。关于加纳牙周炎的患病率或相关风险因素的数据很少，这使得制定基于证据的预防计划具有挑战性。本研究评估了加纳成年人群中牙周炎的患病率、严重程度、范围及相关风险因素。
一项基于人群的横断面研究，涉及加纳大阿克拉地区（GAR）年龄≥25岁的成年人。采用随机分层两阶段抽样方法从农村和城市社区选取参与者。使用半结构化问卷收集社会人口学和风险因素数据。按照美国疾病控制与预防中心 - 美国牙周病学会（CDC - AAP）病例定义进行全口牙周检查，以诊断和描述牙周炎的严重程度。
共有729名参与者纳入研究，平均年龄为43.9±14.6岁，61%为女性。大多数（84.8%）表现为牙龈炎，46.7%患有牙周炎，其中41.8%两者都有，13.9%患有重度牙周炎。临床附着丧失（AL）的平均值为1.36±0.67毫米，探诊深度（PD）为1.41±0.57毫米。与牙周炎相关的因素包括年龄增长、吸烟和饮酒；穆斯林患牙周炎的几率较低。老年人、既往吸烟、体重过轻和没有医疗保险与重度牙周炎有关。
本研究表明牙周炎负担较重，疾病相对更严重。疾病负担中现有的社会人口学差异凸显了制定有针对性的基于人群的预防计划的必要性。
