Basso Andrea, Negrisolo Enrico, Zilli Alberto, Battisti Andrea, Cerretti Pierfilippo
Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padua, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
Cladistics. 2017 Dec;33(6):557-573. doi: 10.1111/cla.12181. Epub 2016 Dec 16.
Processionary moths belong to a group of about 100 species well known for their social behaviour and their urticating systems. The genus Thaumetopoea s.l. includes about 15 species and has been divided into three genera (Helianthocampa, Thaumetopoea s.s., and Traumatocampa) in the last revision, based on key morphological features of the adults and on the host plants of the larvae. We performed a total evidence approach to resolve the phylogeny of the genus Thaumetopoea s.l., analysing all valid taxa included in this group, plus a broad array of close relatives. Thaumetopoea was monophyletic and supported by several apomorphies. Further subclades corroborated by synapomorphies were identified. Our phylogeny suggests that Thaumetopoea must be regarded as a single genus. The mapping of key life history traits on the total evidence tree allowed us to sketch a plausible identikit of the Thaumetopoea ancestor and to track the evolution of the genus. The ancestor originated in the eastern Mediterranean area, and used broadleaved host plants. Subsequently, a switch to conifers occurred, just once, in a large subclade. The ancestor pupated in the soil, like several current species, but in a few taxa this trait was lost, together with the related morphological adaptations.
列队蛾属于一个约有100个物种的类群，以其社会行为和刺毛系统而闻名。广义的 Thaumetopoea 属包括约15个物种，在上次修订中，根据成虫的关键形态特征和幼虫的寄主植物，已被分为三个属（Helianthocampa、狭义的 Thaumetopoea 和 Traumatocampa）。我们采用了全证据法来解析广义 Thaumetopoea 属的系统发育，分析了该类群中所有有效的分类单元，以及一系列广泛的近缘类群。Thaumetopoea 是单系的，并得到了几个独征的支持。通过共近裔性状确定了进一步的亚分支。我们的系统发育研究表明，Thaumetopoea 必须被视为一个单一的属。在全证据树上绘制关键生活史特征，使我们能够勾勒出 Thaumetopoea 祖先的合理形象，并追踪该属的进化。该祖先起源于地中海东部地区，以阔叶植物为寄主。随后，在一个大型亚分支中，只发生过一次向针叶树的转变。该祖先像一些现存物种一样在土壤中化蛹，但在少数分类单元中，这一特征连同相关的形态适应一起丧失了。
