Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2022 Mar;81(1):1-11. doi: 10.1017/S0029665121003761. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
The liver is a key metabolic organ that undertakes a multitude of physiological processes over the course of a day, including intrahepatic lipid and glucose metabolism which plays a key role in the regulation of systemic lipid and glucose concentrations. It serves as an intermediary organ between exogenous (dietary) and endogenous energy supply to extrahepatic organs. Thus, perturbations in hepatic metabolism can impact widely on metabolic disease risk. For example, the accumulation of intra-hepatocellular TAG (IHTG), for which adiposity is almost invariably a causative factor may result in dysregulation of metabolic pathways. Accumulation of IHTG is likely due to an imbalance between fatty acid delivery, synthesis and removal (via oxidation or export as TAG) from the liver; insulin plays a key role in all of these processes.
肝脏是一个关键的代谢器官，在一天的时间内进行着多种生理过程，包括肝脏内的脂质和葡萄糖代谢，这对于调节全身脂质和葡萄糖浓度起着关键作用。它是肝脏外器官的外源性（饮食）和内源性能量供应之间的中介器官。因此，肝脏代谢的紊乱会广泛影响代谢性疾病的风险。例如，肝细胞内 TAG（IHTG）的积累，肥胖几乎总是其致病因素，可能导致代谢途径的失调。IHTG 的积累可能是由于脂肪酸的供应、合成和从肝脏中去除（通过氧化或作为 TAG 输出）之间的不平衡所致；胰岛素在所有这些过程中都起着关键作用。
