Dual-Silicon-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride Sheet: An Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalyst for Urea Synthesis.

Searching for an alternative nonhazardous catalyst for direct urea synthesis that avoids the traditional route of NH synthesis followed by CO addition is a challenging field of research nowadays. Based on first-principles calculations, we herein propose a novel electrocatalyst comprising of totally nonmetal earth abundant elements (dual-Si doped g-CN sheet) which is capable of activating N and making it susceptible toward direct insertion of CO into the N-N bond, producing NCON which is the precursor for urea production by direct coupling of N and CO followed by multiple proton coupled electron transfer processes. Remarkably, the calculated onset potential for urea production is much less than that of NH synthesis and hydrogen evolution reactions, and also the faradaic efficiency is nearly 100% for production urea over ammonia, which promotes exclusive electrocatalytic urea synthesis by suppressing the NH synthesis as well as hydrogen evolution reactions.