J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2021 Nov 15;259(10):1196-1205. doi: 10.2460/javma.20.06.0348.
To describe clinical signs, treatment, and outcome for California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) with Sarcocystis-associated polyphasic rhabdomyositis.
38 free-ranging juvenile to adult California sea lions examined at a rehabilitation center in California between September 2015 and December 2017.
Medical records at The Marine Mammal Center were reviewed to identify sea lions in which sarcocystosis had been diagnosed.
Clinical signs were highly variable and associated with polyphasic rhabdomyositis attributed to Sarcocystis neurona infection. Generalized severe muscle wasting, respiratory compromise, and regurgitation secondary to megaesophagus were the most profound clinical findings. Respiratory compromise and megaesophagus were associated with a poor prognosis. Eight of the 38 sea lions were treated and released to the wild, and 2 subsequently restranded and were euthanized. Two additional animals received no targeted treatment and were released. The remaining 28 animals were either euthanized or died during treatment.
Results suggested that unlike other marine mammals, which typically develop encephalitis, California sea lions with sarcocystosis often have polyphasic rhabdomyositis with highly variable clinical signs and that extensive diagnostic testing may be required to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment with an antiprotozoal drug in combination with corticosteroids may resolve clinical disease, but the prognosis is guarded.
描述与肌肉内 Sarcocystis 相关的多相性横纹肌溶解症的加利福尼亚海狮（Zalophus californianus）的临床症状、治疗方法和结果。
2015 年 9 月至 2017 年 12 月期间，加利福尼亚州一家康复中心检查的 38 只自由放养的幼年至成年加利福尼亚海狮。
审查海洋哺乳动物中心的医疗记录，以确定已诊断出 sarcocystosis 的海狮。
临床症状差异很大，与归因于 Sarcocystis neurona 感染的多相性横纹肌溶解症有关。普遍存在严重的肌肉消瘦、呼吸窘迫和因巨食管导致的反流是最严重的临床发现。呼吸窘迫和巨食管与预后不良相关。38 只海狮中有 8 只接受了治疗并被放归野外，其中 2 只随后被重新束缚并被安乐死。另外 2 只动物未接受针对性治疗而被放归。其余 28 只动物被安乐死或在治疗过程中死亡。
结果表明，与其他海洋哺乳动物通常发展为脑炎不同，患有 sarcocystosis 的加利福尼亚海狮通常有多相性横纹肌溶解症，具有高度可变的临床症状，可能需要广泛的诊断测试来确认诊断。使用抗原生动物药物联合皮质类固醇治疗可能会解决临床疾病，但预后不佳。
