Krucik David D R, Van Bonn William, Johnson Shawn P
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2016 Mar;47(1):25-8. doi: 10.1638/2014-0116.1.
This study establishes a relationship between positive canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) test results frequently observed in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and infection with the filarid nematode Acanthocheilonema odendhali. Four commercially available canine heartworm antigen tests were evaluated for cross-reaction with A. odendhali in California sea lions. Sera were tested from fifteen California sea lions with A. odendhali-associated microfilaremia, confirmed by blood smear, and with no evidence of D. immitis infection at necropsy. Ninety-five percent of tests were falsely positive for D. immitis. This study also determined that the prevalence of A. odendhali infection in stranded California sea lions from central California is approximately 23% by comparing the number of findings of mircofilaremia to the total number of California sea lions sampled at The Marine Mammal Center between 2005 and 2011, inclusive. Acanthocheilonema odenhali microfilaremia in California sea lions is likely to cross-react with canine heartworm antigen tests, and clinicians should interpret results with caution.
本研究确立了在加利福尼亚海狮（Zalophus californianus）中经常观察到的犬心丝虫（Dirofilaria immitis）检测阳性结果与丝状线虫棘唇旋尾线虫（Acanthocheilonema odendhali）感染之间的关系。对四种市售的犬心丝虫抗原检测方法进行了评估，以检测其与加利福尼亚海狮体内的棘唇旋尾线虫的交叉反应。检测了15只加利福尼亚海狮的血清，这些海狮经血涂片证实患有与棘唇旋尾线虫相关的微丝蚴血症，且尸检时无犬心丝虫感染迹象。95%的检测对犬心丝虫呈假阳性。通过比较2005年至2011年（含）期间在海洋哺乳动物中心采样的加利福尼亚海狮中微丝蚴血症的发现数量与采样的加利福尼亚海狮总数，本研究还确定加利福尼亚中部搁浅的加利福尼亚海狮中棘唇旋尾线虫的感染率约为23%。加利福尼亚海狮体内的棘唇旋尾线虫微丝蚴血症可能与犬心丝虫抗原检测发生交叉反应，临床医生应谨慎解读检测结果。
