Wu Yi-Fan, Huang Xian-Ren, Yu Ying-Xiang, Guo Cheng-Cheng, Xie Lan, Chang Cui-Qing
Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Department of Sports Medicine,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,China.
Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2021 Oct;43(5):716-726. doi: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.13609.
Objective To compare the effects of carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage on post-exercise rehydration of healthy young men in different seasons,and to explore the influence of seasonal adaptability on fluid and electrolyte balance.Methods Fifteen healthy men,aged(24.4±0.5)years,completed 2 trails in a random crossover design both in summer and winter.During recovery,they consumed a drink volume equivalent to 100% of their sweat loss with plain boiled water(the water group)or carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage(the beverage group).Recovery was monitored for further 180 minutes by the collection of blood and urine samples.Results The dehydration time in summer was significantly shorter by about 20 minutes than that in winter(=3.045,=0.004).In summer,the fluid retention rate of the beverage group was significantly higher than that of the water group at 120 minutes after rehydration [(83.7±2.8)% (73.7±3.7)%,=5.312,=0.028],and significantly higher than the water group at 180 minutes [(74.8±3.6)% (66.1±4.3)%,=4.340,=0.046].In winter,the fluid retention rate of the beverage group at 180 minutes after rehydration was significantly higher than that of the water group [(74.9±4.7)% (68.0±6.0)%,=4.128,=0.048].There was no significantly seasonal difference in the fluid retention effect of carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage at 180 minutes after rehydration.In the beverage group,the changes of blood glucose and serum sodium levels(all <0.05)in summer were significantly higher than those in winter at 10-180 minutes after rehydration,and the fractional excretion of sodium in summer was significantly higher in summer than in winter at 120 and 180 minutes after rehydration(=4.972,=0.034;=8.425,=0.007);however,there was no significant difference in plasma osmolality(all > 0.05).For the water group,the plasma osmolality in winter was lower than that in summer,while the degree of dryness and thirst was higher in winter than in summer.Conclusions Seasonal adaptability influenced the hydration status and its regulating factors.People dehydrated faster after exercise in summer than in winter,and the hydration status was relatively stable in winter.However,in summer,the blood glucose and electrolytes responded more rapidly to carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage supply,and the plasma osmolality and subjective perception recovered faster.Therefore,during the 180-minute recovery period,the carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage had a higher rehydration efficiency in a short recovery time in summer although there was no significantly seasonal difference in the fluid retention rate.
目的 比较碳水化合物 - 电解质饮料对不同季节健康青年男性运动后补液的效果，并探讨季节适应性对体液和电解质平衡的影响。方法 15名年龄为（24.4±0.5）岁的健康男性，采用随机交叉设计在夏季和冬季各完成2次试验。在恢复过程中，他们饮用相当于其汗液丢失量100%的白开水（水组）或碳水化合物 - 电解质饮料（饮料组）。通过采集血样和尿样进一步监测180分钟的恢复情况。结果 夏季脱水时间比冬季显著缩短约20分钟（t = 3.045，P = 0.004）。夏季，补液后120分钟时饮料组的体液潴留率显著高于水组[（83.7±2.8）% 对（73.7±3.7）%，t = 5.312，P = 0.028]，180分钟时也显著高于水组[（74.8±3.6）% 对（66.1±4.3）%，t = 4.340，P = 0.046]。冬季，补液后180分钟时饮料组的体液潴留率显著高于水组[（74.9±4.7）% 对（68.0±6.0）%，t = 4.128，P = 0.048]。补液后180分钟时碳水化合物 - 电解质饮料的体液潴留效果无显著季节差异。饮料组中，夏季补液后10 - 180分钟血糖和血清钠水平的变化（均P < 0.05）显著高于冬季，夏季补液后120分钟和180分钟尿钠排泄分数显著高于冬季（t = 4.972，P = 0.034；t = 8.425，P = 0.007）；然而，血浆渗透压无显著差异（均P > 0.05）。水组中，冬季血浆渗透压低于夏季，而冬季的口干和口渴程度高于夏季。结论 季节适应性影响水合状态及其调节因素。人们运动后夏季脱水比冬季更快，冬季水合状态相对稳定。然而，夏季血糖和电解质对碳水化合物 - 电解质饮料供应的反应更迅速，血浆渗透压和主观感受恢复更快。因此，在180分钟的恢复期间，尽管体液潴留率无显著季节差异，但碳水化合物 - 电解质饮料在夏季短时间恢复中补液效率更高。
