Seattle Aquarium, Conservation Programs and Partnerships, Seattle, WA, United States.
National Marine Fisheries Service, West Coast Region, Protected Resources Division, Lacey, WA, United States.
Adv Mar Biol. 2021;90:1-49. doi: 10.1016/bs.amb.2021.08.003. Epub 2021 Sep 30.
Sharks are iconic and ecologically important predators found in every ocean. Because of their ecological role as predators, some considered apex predators, and concern over the stability of their populations due to direct and indirect overfishing, there has been an increasing amount of work focussed on shark conservation, and other elasmobranchs such as skates and rays, around the world. Here we discuss many aspects of current shark science and conservation and the path to the future of shark conservation in the Northeastern and Eastern Central Pacific. We explore their roles in ecosystems as keystone species; the conservation measures and laws in place at the international, national, regional and local level; the conservation status of sharks and rays in the region, fisheries for sharks in the Northcentral Pacific specifically those that target juveniles and the implications to shark conservation; a conservation success story: the recovery of Great White Sharks in the Northeast Pacific; public perceptions of sharks and the roles zoos and aquariums play in shark conservation; and the path to the future of shark conservation that requires bold partnerships, local stakeholders and innovative measures.
鲨鱼是一种标志性的、生态重要的掠食者，存在于每一个海洋中。由于它们作为掠食者的生态角色，一些鲨鱼被认为是顶级掠食者，而且由于直接和间接的过度捕捞导致其种群的稳定性受到关注，因此世界各地越来越多的工作集中在鲨鱼保护和其他软骨鱼类（如鳐鱼和魟鱼）上。在这里，我们讨论了东北太平洋和中东部太平洋地区鲨鱼科学和保护的许多方面，以及未来鲨鱼保护的方向。我们探讨了它们在生态系统中作为关键物种的角色；国际、国家、地区和地方各级现有的保护措施和法律；该地区鲨鱼和鳐鱼的保护状况，特别是北太平洋中部针对幼鱼的鲨鱼捕捞及其对鲨鱼保护的影响；一个保护成功的案例：东北太平洋大灰鲨的恢复；公众对鲨鱼的看法以及动物园和水族馆在鲨鱼保护中的作用；以及未来鲨鱼保护所需的大胆伙伴关系、地方利益相关者和创新措施。
