Zhao Ting, Liu Guanghui, Liu Dianlei, Yi Yue, Xie Beizhen, Liu Hong
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 1;806(Pt 3):151370. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151370. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
Water recycle systems have important implications to realize material circulation in biological regeneration life support systems, which is of significance for long-term space missions and future planetary base. Based on membrane biological activated carbon reactor (MBAR) technologies, the 'Lunar Palace 365' experiment established various treatment processes for condensate wastewater, domestic wastewater, urine, and used nutrient solutions. The 370-day operation data showed the COD index of purified condensate wastewater decreased to 0.74 ± 0.15 mg/L, which met the standards for drinking water quality. The average removal rate of organic contaminants in domestic wastewater by the MBAR was 85.7% ± 10.2%, and this MBAR also had a stable nitrification performance with effluent NO-N concentrations fluctuating from 145.57 mg/L to 328.59 mg/L. Moreover, the purification of urine achieved the conversion of urea-N to NH-N and thus the partial recovery of nitrogen. 16S rDNA sequencing results revealed the evolution of microbial diversity and composition during the long-term operation. Meiothermus, Rhodanobacter, and Ochrobactrum were the dominant microorganisms in various MBARs.
水循环系统对于实现生物再生生命支持系统中的物质循环具有重要意义，这对于长期太空任务和未来的行星基地至关重要。基于膜生物活性炭反应器（MBAR）技术，“月宫365”实验建立了针对冷凝废水、生活污水、尿液和用过的营养液的各种处理工艺。370天的运行数据表明，净化后的冷凝废水的化学需氧量（COD）指标降至0.74±0.15毫克/升，达到了饮用水水质标准。MBAR对生活污水中有机污染物的平均去除率为85.7%±10.2%，并且该MBAR还具有稳定的硝化性能，出水的亚硝酸盐氮（NO-N）浓度在145.57毫克/升至328.59毫克/升之间波动。此外，尿液的净化实现了尿素氮向铵氮（NH-N）的转化，从而实现了部分氮的回收。16S rDNA测序结果揭示了长期运行过程中微生物多样性和组成的演变。嗜热栖热菌属、红杆菌属和慢生根瘤菌属是各种MBAR中的优势微生物。
