Costa Patrícia Gomes, Marube Liziane Cardoso, Artifon Vanda, Escarrone Ana Laura, Hernandes Juliana Carriconde, Zebral Yuri Dornelles, Bianchini Adalto
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 1;806(Pt 3):151340. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151340. Epub 2021 Oct 30.
Temporal and spatial variabilities in concentrations of metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn) and metalloid (As) associated with the Fundão dam tailings were evaluated in water, sediment and biota from freshwater (tributary, river, lakes and lagoons), marine and coastal (mangroves and beaches) ecosystems affected by the Mariana dam disaster (southeastern Brazil). In freshwater shrimps and fishes, temporal increases in the concentrations of most elements analyzed were observed. This finding was clearly associated with temporal increases in the concentrations of As and metals observed in both water and sediment. In turn, freshwater plankton showed only a temporal increase in Hg concentration, which was also associated with an increased concentration of this metal in the abiotic matrices. In marine fishes, temporal increases were only observed for Cu, Fe and Pb concentrations. Also, temporal increase was observed for Fe concentration in marine plankton (phytoplankton and zooplankton) and shrimps. Marine phytoplankton also showed a temporal increase in Hg concentration. All these findings were clearly associated with temporal increases in the concentrations of these metals in marine sediments. Mangrove crabs showed temporal increases in Hg and Cd, which were associated with temporal increases in water Hg and sediment Cd concentrations, respectively. In turn, beach crabs displayed temporal increases in Mn and Zn, which were associated with temporal increases in the concentrations of these metals in sediments, especially for Mn. In summary, all environmental matrices evaluated in the present study were shown to be contaminated with metals and metalloid associated with the Fundão dam tailings. Additionally, findings reported in the present study relative to the spatial variabilities observed in the whole aquatic area affected by the Fundão dam failure clearly reinforce the need of incorporating biological diversity in monitoring programs aiming to assess environmental health of aquatic systems, considering that patterns of metals and metalloid contamination levels may vary among taxa.
在受马里亚纳大坝灾难影响（巴西东南部）的淡水（支流、河流、湖泊和泻湖）、海洋和沿海（红树林和海滩）生态系统的水、沉积物和生物群中，评估了与丰沙奥大坝尾矿相关的金属（镉、铬、铜、铁、汞、锰、铅和锌）和类金属（砷）浓度的时空变异性。在淡水虾和鱼类中，观察到大多数分析元素的浓度随时间增加。这一发现显然与水和沉积物中砷和金属浓度随时间增加有关。反过来，淡水浮游生物仅汞浓度随时间增加，这也与非生物基质中该金属浓度增加有关。在海洋鱼类中，仅观察到铜、铁和铅浓度随时间增加。此外，海洋浮游生物（浮游植物和浮游动物）和虾中的铁浓度也随时间增加。海洋浮游植物的汞浓度也随时间增加。所有这些发现显然与海洋沉积物中这些金属浓度随时间增加有关。红树林蟹的汞和镉浓度随时间增加，分别与水中汞和沉积物镉浓度随时间增加有关。反过来，海滩蟹的锰和锌浓度随时间增加，这与沉积物中这些金属浓度随时间增加有关，尤其是锰。总之，本研究评估的所有环境基质均被与丰沙奥大坝尾矿相关的金属和类金属污染。此外，本研究报告的关于丰沙奥大坝溃坝影响的整个水域观察到的空间变异性的结果清楚地强化了在旨在评估水生系统环境健康的监测计划中纳入生物多样性的必要性，考虑到金属和类金属污染水平模式可能因分类群而异。
