[Autism spectrum disorder/development delay in siblings with SCN2A mutations caused by germline mosaicism].

OBJECTIVE

To report on a family which has two siblings with SCN2A mutation caused by germline mosaicism suffering from autism spectrum disorder/development delay (ASD/DD).

METHODS

Clinical data was collected for the proband and his parents. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was carried out on the proband and his parents. Suspected mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing of the proband, his parents and brother. To detect whether there is a low proportion of somatic mosaicism in the parents, a droplet digital PCR was conducted. The result of ddPCR showed that the father was germline mosaicism (0.233%).

RESULTS

NGS has identified a de novo splicing mutation of the SCN2A gene, c.605+1G>A, in the proband and his brother. Combined with its clinical phenotype and inheritance pattern, SCN2A was judged to be the pathogenic gene. Above findings strongly suggested parental germline mosaicism.

CONCLUSION

ASD/DD in siblings with SCN2A mutations caused by germline mosaicism. Paternal mosaicism should be considered as one of the important inheritance patterns for counseling parents with a child carrying SCN2A mutation. The ddPCR can help to reveal very low proportion of germline mosaicism.