Ribas Lucas Emanuel, Baravalle María Eugenia, Gasser Fátima Belén, Renna María Sol, Addona Silvina, Ortega Hugo Héctor, Savino Graciela Hilda, Van de Velde Franco, Hein Gustavo Juan
Centro Universitario Gálvez, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Gálvez, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Centro de Medicina Comparada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
J Food Sci. 2021 Dec;86(12):5409-5423. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.15950. Epub 2021 Nov 3.
The water extraction of phenolic compounds from two varieties ("Mahan" and "Marameck") of pecan nutshells (Carya illinoinensis) without and with sonication, varying the solvent/solid ratio (S), the pH, and the refluxing time (t), was studied. Additionally, the in vitro cytotoxicity and the determination of the cell death mechanism of the extracts against the colon cancer cell line HT-29 were investigated. The content of total phenolic compounds (TPC) of "Marameck" nutshells resulted higher than for the "Mahan" variety, and the pH increase resulted in higher TPC contents for both cultivars. The optimized conditions for TPC extraction without and with sonication resulted: S = 33 ml/g, pH = 12, and t = 9.6 min, and yielded ≈ 70 and 90 mg/g of TPC for "Mahan" and "Marameck" nutshells, respectively. The optimized extracts of pecan nutshells without sonication from both cultivars presented similar cytotoxicity against HT-29 colon cancer cells (IC ≈ 50 µg/ml), higher than for sonicated extracts (IC ≈ 88 and 138 µg/ml for "Mahan" and "Marameck," respectively). Cell death through apoptosis was the main mechanism of cell death induced by the nutshell extracts. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The extraction of phenolic compounds (TPC) from the residues of two varieties of pecan nutshells ("Mahan" and "Marameck") was studied. An optimal combination of variables within the pH range that minimizes the solvent-to-solid ratio (S) and the time of refluxing (t), saving at the same time, water and energy, was set up. The phenolic compound extracts obtained from the residues of the pecan nuts exhibit cytotoxic effects against colon cancer cells and could be of interest as an alternative treatment of different types of cancer. Additionally, these extracts may be of importance to the food industry as they can be used as antioxidant agents in food formulation. Also, the high levels of anthocyanidins obtained from the pecan nut extracts after proanthocyanidins' strong acid hydrolysis can be purified and employed as natural red dyes.
研究了在有无超声处理的情况下，从两种山核桃壳（伊利诺伊胡桃）品种（“Mahan”和“Marameck”）中提取酚类化合物的水提取法，改变了溶剂/固体比（S）、pH值和回流时间（t）。此外，还研究了提取物对结肠癌细胞系HT-29的体外细胞毒性以及细胞死亡机制的测定。“Marameck”坚果壳中总酚类化合物（TPC）的含量高于“Mahan”品种，并且pH值升高导致两个品种的TPC含量都更高。无超声处理和有超声处理时TPC提取的优化条件如下：S = 33 ml/g，pH = 12，t = 9.6分钟，“Mahan”和“Marameck”坚果壳分别产生约70和90 mg/g的TPC。两个品种无超声处理的山核桃壳优化提取物对HT-29结肠癌细胞表现出相似的细胞毒性（IC≈50 µg/ml），高于超声处理提取物（“Mahan”和“Marameck”分别为IC≈88和138 µg/ml）。通过凋亡导致的细胞死亡是坚果壳提取物诱导细胞死亡的主要机制。实际应用：研究了从两种山核桃壳（“Mahan”和“Marameck”）残渣中提取酚类化合物（TPC）的方法。设定了pH范围内变量的最佳组合，以最小化溶剂与固体比（S）和回流时间（t），同时节省水和能源。从山核桃残渣中获得的酚类化合物提取物对结肠癌细胞具有细胞毒性作用，作为不同类型癌症的替代治疗方法可能会受到关注。此外，这些提取物对食品工业可能很重要，因为它们可以用作食品配方中的抗氧化剂。而且，原花青素强酸水解后从山核桃提取物中获得的高含量花青素可以被纯化并用作天然红色染料。
