Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.
Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
WIREs Mech Dis. 2021 Nov;13(6):e1526. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1526. Epub 2021 Apr 1.
Postnatal and adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and subgranular zone of animals such as rodents and non-human primates has been observed with many different technical approaches. Since most techniques used in animals cannot be used in humans, the majority of human neurogenesis studies rely on postmortem immunohistochemistry. This technique is difficult in human tissue, due to poor and variable preservation of antigens and samples. Nevertheless, a survey of the literature reveals that most published studies provide evidence for childhood and adult neurogenesis in the human brain stem cell niches. There are some conflicting results even when assessing the same markers and when using the same antibodies. Focusing on immunohistochemical studies on post-mortem human sections, we discuss the relative robustness of the literature on adult neurogenesis. We also discuss the response of the subventricular and subgranular zones to human disease, showing that the two niches can respond differently and that the stage of disease impacts neurogenesis levels. Thus, we highlight strong evidence for adult human neurogenesis, discuss other work that did not find it, describe obstacles in analysis, and offer other approaches to evaluate the neurogenic potential of the subventricular and subgranular zones of Homo sapiens. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Reproductive System Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
在啮齿类动物和非人类灵长类动物等动物的侧脑室下区和颗粒下区已经观察到了许多不同技术方法的产后和成年神经发生。由于大多数在动物中使用的技术不能用于人类，因此大多数人类神经发生研究依赖于死后免疫组织化学。由于抗原和样本保存不良且不稳定，这种技术在人类组织中很困难。然而，文献综述表明，大多数已发表的研究为人类大脑干细胞龛中的儿童和成年神经发生提供了证据。即使在评估相同的标记物和使用相同的抗体时，也会有一些相互矛盾的结果。我们专注于对死后人类切片的免疫组织化学研究，讨论了有关成人神经发生的文献的相对可靠性。我们还讨论了侧脑室和颗粒下区对人类疾病的反应，表明这两个龛位可以做出不同的反应，并且疾病的阶段会影响神经发生水平。因此，我们强调了成人人类神经发生的有力证据，讨论了其他未发现该证据的工作，描述了分析中的障碍，并提供了其他方法来评估智人物种的侧脑室下区和颗粒下区的神经发生潜力。本文属于以下分类：神经疾病 > 干细胞和发育 生殖系统疾病 > 干细胞和发育。
