Facultad de Ciencias y Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Carrera 80#65-223, M2-319, Colombia.
Facultad de Minas, Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Carrera 80#65-223, M2-319, Colombia.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2021 Nov 1;93(suppl 4):e20201102. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201102. eCollection 2021.
Bioremediation techniques like bioaugmentation and/or biostimulation are an economical and environmentally friendly procedure which emerged as the most advantageous methodology for treatment of contaminated sites by oil spills pollutants. This research uses a tropical soil contaminated with oil based drilling fluids (OBMs) and drill cuttings were evaluating at laboratory scale. Seven treatments were implemented separately: (C) control; (A) natural attenuation; (B) compost (Bs) nutrients; (BsT) nutrients and tween 80; (BsTL) nutrients, tween 80, leonardite, and (BL) nutrients, tween 80, leonardite and d-limonene. For three months, changes in Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) soil microbial counts and activity were monitored as indicators of biodegradation. In order to evaluate the efficiency of treatments in the microcosm experiments. After 90 days of incubation hydrocarbon biodegradation is 76.2% (C), 28.6% (A), 76.2% (B), 66.7% (Bs), 83.3% (BsT), 69% (BsTL) and 88.1% (BL), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of OBMs evidenced absence of heavy metals. Biodiversity analysis showed a decrease in bacterial diversity and a rise in tolerant genus of hydrocarbons such as Nocardiodes, Streptomyces, Dietzia and Advenella. The co-substrate and stimulants had synergistic effect on the biological degradation of hydrocarbons. This research suggests that the implementation of bioaugmentation and biostimulation methods will be used a larger scale in contaminated sites.
生物修复技术，如生物增强和/或生物刺激，是一种经济且环保的方法，已成为处理石油泄漏污染物污染场地的最有利方法。本研究在实验室规模上评估了受油基钻井液（OBM）和钻屑污染的热带土壤。分别实施了七种处理：（C）对照；（A）自然衰减；（B）堆肥（Bs）营养物；（BsT）营养物和吐温 80；（BsTL）营养物、吐温 80、腐殖酸和（BL）营养物、吐温 80、腐殖酸和柠檬烯。三个月来，监测了总石油烃（TPH）土壤微生物计数和活性的变化，作为生物降解的指标。为了评估微宇宙实验中处理的效率。在 90 天的孵育后，烃类生物降解分别为 76.2%（C）、28.6%（A）、76.2%（B）、66.7%（Bs）、83.3%（BsT）、69%（BsTL）和 88.1%（BL）。OBM 的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）证明不存在重金属。生物多样性分析表明，细菌多样性减少，耐烃属的种类增加，如诺卡氏菌、链霉菌、迪茨氏菌和阿登氏菌。共底物和刺激物对烃类的生物降解具有协同作用。本研究表明，将生物增强和生物刺激方法应用于污染场地的规模将更大。
