Welch Brett, van Mersbergen Miriam R, Helou Leah B
Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, PA.
School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Memphis, TN.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021 Dec 13;64(12):4762-4771. doi: 10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00582. Epub 2021 Nov 3.
Voice and speech are rich with information about a speaker's personality and other features of identity. This study seeks to determine the extent to which listeners agree about speakers' social, physical, and personality attributes.
Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, listeners rated a group of speakers who were unbalanced for sex and personality traits. The second experiment elaborated on the first by ensuring the speaker set was balanced for sex and personality traits. Both experiments played standard speech samples from speakers who provided personality information via the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire-Brief Form. Groups of listeners rated each speaker on the same personality traits and other features of identity. Responses were analyzed for listener agreement.
For both experiments, listeners showed consistently high levels of agreement on the personality attributes of a speaker. For certain speakers, listener agreement on some personality traits was as high as 92% and 97% in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Furthermore, a range of agreement across personality subscales was observed across speakers such that some were agreed-upon across all personality ratings and others were agreed-upon only for a few personality traits.
When it comes to judging personality traits and other features of identity, most listeners might not be "correct" about speakers' traits and attributes, but they broadly agree about how the listener sounds. Some speakers send more salient voice and speech cues that drive agreement about their personality, whereas others speak in a manner that precludes consensus. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16906990.
声音和言语蕴含着关于说话者个性及其他身份特征的丰富信息。本研究旨在确定听众在多大程度上对说话者的社会、身体和个性属性达成一致。
进行了两项实验。在第一个实验中，听众对一组在性别和个性特征上不均衡的说话者进行评分。第二个实验在第一个实验的基础上进行了细化，确保说话者群体在性别和个性特征上保持平衡。两项实验均播放了来自通过《多维个性问卷简表》提供个性信息的说话者的标准语音样本。听众群体对每位说话者的相同个性特征及其他身份特征进行评分。对听众的回答进行分析以确定一致性。
在两项实验中，听众对说话者的个性属性均表现出持续较高的一致性。对于某些说话者，在实验1和实验2中，听众对某些个性特征的一致性分别高达92%和97%。此外，在不同说话者中观察到了个性子量表上的一系列一致性情况，即有些特征在所有个性评分中都得到认同，而有些特征仅在少数个性特征上得到认同。
在判断个性特征及其他身份特征时，大多数听众对说话者的特征和属性可能并不“正确”，但他们在说话者的声音听起来如何方面大致达成了一致。有些说话者发出的声音和言语线索更显著，从而促使听众对其个性达成一致，而另一些说话者的说话方式则难以形成共识。补充材料https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16906990 。
