Chen Meng, Xie Yue, Luo Yarui, Xie Yimin, Wu Na, Peng Shulei, Chen Qiang
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.
Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Ann Transl Med. 2021 Sep;9(18):1485. doi: 10.21037/atm-21-4198.
This article summarizes the recent literature on noncoding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) in relation to cleft lip with or without palate and exosomes and their usage in craniofacial diseases.
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common congenital malformation with genetic and environmental risk factors that affects numerous children and families. Surgical procedures can correct deformations; however, residual sequelae remain after surgery. Studies exploring the pathogenesis of CL/P are crucial for its early diagnosis and treatment and can inform treatment strategy decisions, etiology searches, and treatment during pregnancy. Recently, research has shown that most disease-related genes are ncRNAs, which are important transcripts in the human transcriptome. ncRNAs include microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs. These ncRNAs play essential roles in various pathophysiological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Previous studies on protein-coding genes have identified a number of genes related to CL/P; however, the pathogenesis of CL/P has not yet been thoroughly explained. Exosomes are vehicles that transfer various bioactive molecules between cells and represent a new method of intercellular communication. Research has shown that exosomes are related to some craniofacial diseases.
We searched the PubMed database for recently published English-language articles using the following keywords: "cleft lip with or without palate," "noncoding RNA," "exosomes," and "craniofacial diseases". We then reviewed the retrieved articles.
As exosomes serve as cellular communicators and the palate consists of epithelial and mesenchymal cells, communication between the two cell types may affect its formation. Thus, exosomes could represent a new indicator and mediator of CL/P.
本文总结了近期关于非编码核糖核酸（ncRNAs）与唇腭裂及外泌体的相关文献，以及它们在颅面疾病中的应用。
唇腭裂（CL/P）是一种常见的先天性畸形，具有遗传和环境风险因素，影响着众多儿童和家庭。外科手术可以纠正畸形；然而，术后仍会留下残余后遗症。探索CL/P发病机制的研究对于其早期诊断和治疗至关重要，可为治疗策略决策、病因探寻及孕期治疗提供依据。最近的研究表明，大多数与疾病相关的基因是非编码RNA，它们是人类转录组中的重要转录本。ncRNAs包括微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA。这些ncRNAs在各种病理生理过程中发挥着重要作用，包括细胞增殖、迁移、凋亡和上皮-间充质转化。先前关于蛋白质编码基因的研究已经确定了一些与CL/P相关的基因；然而，CL/P的发病机制尚未得到充分解释。外泌体是在细胞间传递各种生物活性分子的载体，代表了一种新的细胞间通讯方式。研究表明，外泌体与一些颅面疾病有关。
我们使用以下关键词在PubMed数据库中搜索最近发表的英文文章：“唇腭裂”、“非编码RNA”、“外泌体”和“颅面疾病”。然后对检索到的文章进行综述。
由于外泌体充当细胞通讯者，且腭由上皮细胞和间充质细胞组成，这两种细胞类型之间的通讯可能会影响腭的形成。因此，外泌体可能代表CL/P的一种新指标和介质。
