Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Sleep Res. 2022 Jun;31(3):e13513. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13513. Epub 2021 Nov 3.
This study examined how the cessation of work at retirement affects daily measures of actigraphy-measured and self-rated sleep quality. Time in bed or asleep and stress at bedtime were examined as potential mechanisms. In total 117 employed participants who were aged 60-72 years and planned to retire soon were recruited to the Swedish Retirement Study. Sleep quality was measured in a baseline week using accelerometers, diaries, and questionnaires. Subjective sleep measures were sleep quality, restless sleep, restorative sleep, getting enough sleep, estimated wake after sleep onset, difficulties falling asleep, too early final awakening, and difficulties waking up. Actigraphy measures were sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and average awakening length. After 1 and 2 years, the measurements were repeated for the now retired participants. Daily variations in sleep quality before and after retirement were analysed using multilevel modelling, with time in bed or asleep and stress at bedtime as potential mediators. We found that several self-reports of sleep improved (e.g., +0.2 standard deviations for sleep quality and +0.5 standard deviations for restorative sleep) while objective sleep quality remained unchanged or decreased slightly with retirement (e.g., -0.8% for sleep efficiency). Increased time in bed or asleep and stress at bedtime accounted partially for the improvements in self-rated sleep quality at retirement. In conclusion, actigraph-measured and self-reported sleep quality do not change in concert at retirement, highlighting the interest of studying both outcomes. The main effects of retirement from work concern subjective experiences of recovery more than sleep quality per se.
这项研究考察了退休后停止工作对活动记录仪测量和自我评估的睡眠质量的日常测量的影响。研究还考察了卧床时间或睡眠时间以及睡前压力等潜在机制。总共招募了 117 名年龄在 60-72 岁之间、计划近期退休的瑞典退休研究参与者。在基线周，使用加速计、日记和问卷来测量睡眠质量。主观睡眠指标包括睡眠质量、睡眠不安、恢复性睡眠、睡眠充足、估计入睡后醒来时间、入睡困难、过早的最后觉醒和醒来困难。活动记录仪测量的指标包括睡眠效率、入睡后醒来时间和平均觉醒长度。在 1 年和 2 年后，现在退休的参与者重复进行了这些测量。使用多水平模型分析了退休前后睡眠质量的日常变化，以卧床时间或睡眠时间和睡前压力作为潜在的中介因素。我们发现，一些睡眠的自我报告有所改善（例如，睡眠质量提高了 0.2 个标准差，恢复性睡眠提高了 0.5 个标准差），而客观睡眠质量在退休后保持不变或略有下降（例如，睡眠效率下降了 0.8%）。卧床时间或睡眠时间增加和睡前压力增加部分解释了退休后自我评估睡眠质量的改善。总之，活动记录仪测量和自我报告的睡眠质量在退休时并没有一致变化，这突出了研究这两种结果的重要性。退休对工作的主要影响更多地涉及主观的恢复体验，而不是睡眠质量本身。
