Mak Matthew H C, Hsiao Yaling, Nation Kate
Department of Experimental Psychology.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2021 Dec;47(12):1971-1997. doi: 10.1037/xlm0001089. Epub 2021 Nov 4.
In six experiments, we tested whether immediate serial recall is influenced by a word's degree centrality, an index of lexical connectivity. Words of high degree centrality are associated with more words in free association norms than those of low degree centrality. Experiment 1 analyzed secondary data to explore the effect of degree centrality in wordlists containing a mixture of high- and low-degree words. High-degree words were advantaged across all serial positions, independently of other variables including word frequency. Experiment 2 replicated this finding using an expanded stimulus set. Experiment 3 used pure lists with each list containing high- or low-degree words only (e.g., HHHHHH vs. LLLLLL). Once again, high-degree words were better recalled across all serial positions. In Experiment 4, each wordlist alternated between high and low-degree words (e.g., HLHLHL and LHLHLH). Recall of low-degree words was facilitated by the neighboring high-degree words, abolishing the overall high-degree advantage. Experiment 5 used a within-participant design and replicated the findings from Experiments 3 and 4 such that the high-degree advantage in pure lists disappeared in alternating lists. Experiment 6 compared high and low frequency words in pure lists while controlling for degree centrality between the item sets. A high-frequency advantage emerged, suggesting that the effects of frequency and degree centrality are separable. We conclude that degree centrality is a distinct psycholinguistic variable that affects serial recall as both (a) an item-level characteristic such that high (vs. low) degree words have greater accessibility in the lexicon and (b) an interitem property such that high-degree words facilitate the recall of neighboring words by enhancing the formation of associative links. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
在六个实验中，我们测试了即时系列回忆是否受单词的度中心性（一种词汇连通性指标）影响。与低度中心性的单词相比，高度中心性的单词在自由联想规范中与更多单词相关联。实验1分析了二手数据，以探究度中心性在包含高、低度单词混合的词表中的作用。在所有系列位置上，高度单词都具有优势，且不受包括词频在内的其他变量影响。实验2使用扩展的刺激集重复了这一发现。实验3使用纯词表，每个词表只包含高度或低度单词（例如，HHHHHH与LLLLLL）。高度单词在所有系列位置上再次被更好地回忆起来。在实验4中，每个词表在高度和低度单词之间交替（例如，HLHLHL和LHLHLH）。低度单词的回忆受到相邻高度单词的促进，消除了整体的高度优势。实验5采用被试内设计，重复了实验3和4的结果，使得纯词表中的高度优势在交替词表中消失。实验6在控制项目集之间度中心性的同时，比较了纯词表中的高频和低频单词。出现了高频优势，表明频率和度中心性的影响是可分离的。我们得出结论，度中心性是一个独特的心理语言学变量，它影响系列回忆，既是（a）一种项目层面的特征，即高（与低）度单词在词汇表中具有更高的可及性，也是（b）一种项目间属性，即高度单词通过增强联想链接的形成来促进相邻单词的回忆。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2022美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
