Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar;29(14):20437-20448. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16931-7. Epub 2021 Nov 4.
Access to healthy drinking water is vital to human health and development. Bottled water consumption has been on the rise in recent years. As several chemical and bacteriological parameters affect bottled water quality, it is difficult to choose the highest-quality bottled water. Numerous studies have proposed the use of multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods to overcome this problem. Herein, the two-stage fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method were adopted to rank different brands of bottled water. The FAHP approach allows working at the intervals of judgment rather than absolute values. TOPSIS is a technique for ordering performance based on its similarity to the ideal solution. An expert panel selected and classified the criteria and sub-criteria. A pairwise comparison questionnaire was then developed, and the weights of the criteria and sub-criteria were assigned by water quality experts. The data on the quality of different brands of water were collected from the Iranian bottled water database. The final data analysis and weight determination of each parameter were performed in Excel and R software Programs. Finally, the CC (value of closeness coefficient) and rank of 71 bottled water brands were calculated, and the best brand was introduced. Among the selected criteria, carcinogenic chemical compounds with the weight of 0.368 were the most important compound in ranking bottled water brands, followed by bacteriologic, pathogenic chemical compounds, chemical compounds important in terms of toxicity, nutritious chemical compounds with a low toxicity level, chemical compounds related to esthetic effects, and chemical compounds without health effects, respectively.
获得健康饮用水对人类健康和发展至关重要。近年来，瓶装水的消费呈上升趋势。由于有几个化学和细菌学参数会影响瓶装水的质量，因此很难选择出质量最高的瓶装水。许多研究提出使用多准则决策（MCDM）方法来解决这个问题。在此，采用了两阶段模糊层次分析法（FAHP）和逼近理想解的排序技术（TOPSIS）方法对不同品牌的瓶装水进行排名。FAHP 方法允许在判断的区间内而不是在绝对值上进行工作。TOPSIS 是一种基于与理想解的相似度来对性能进行排序的技术。一个专家小组选择并对标准和子标准进行了分类。然后开发了一份成对比较问卷，由水质专家为标准和子标准分配权重。不同品牌水的质量数据是从伊朗瓶装水数据库中收集的。最终的数据分析和每个参数的权重确定是在 Excel 和 R 软件程序中完成的。最后，计算了 71 个瓶装水品牌的 CC（接近系数值）和排名，并介绍了最佳品牌。在所选择的标准中，致癌化学化合物的权重为 0.368，是对瓶装水品牌进行排名的最重要化合物，其次是细菌学、致病性化学化合物、毒性方面重要的化学化合物、毒性水平低的营养化学化合物、与美学效果相关的化学化合物和无健康影响的化学化合物。
