Department of Advanced Practice Nursing, Georgetown University School of Nursing and Health Studies, Washington, DC.
Department of Graduate Studies in Advanced Practice Nursing, State of New York Stony Brook School of Nursing, Stony Brook, New York.
J Midwifery Womens Health. 2022 Jan;67(1):21-30. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.13285. Epub 2021 Nov 4.
Mentoring involves a reciprocal relationship between a more experienced person (mentor) who offers guidance and counsel to a less experienced person (mentee). Reported benefits of mentoring among students of varying health professions include skill acquisition, understanding of the professional role, acclimation to the culture of the health profession, and personal and professional development. Globally, the midwifery profession has a long-standing history of mentoring students and new graduate midwives. However, only one study has described a formal mentoring program within the US midwifery profession. Therefore, to inform best practice for both formal and informal mentoring programs, current mentoring programs are summarized and a state of the science review on mentoring within midwifery in the United States and internationally was conducted. Three types of mentoring relationships are discussed: (1) student to student (peer), (2) midwife to student, and (3) midwife to new graduate midwife. Effective models and recommended approaches for the development and expansion of mentoring are discussed, to sustain, diversify, and scale up the midwifery workforce. Personal attributes and action steps of effective mentors and mentees are provided.
指导涉及到一个更有经验的人（导师）与一个经验较少的人（学员）之间的互惠关系。不同健康专业学生的指导报告益处包括技能获取、对专业角色的理解、适应健康专业文化以及个人和职业发展。在全球范围内，助产专业有着悠久的指导学生和新毕业助产士的历史。然而，在美国助产专业中，只有一项研究描述了一个正式的指导计划。因此，为了为正式和非正式的指导计划提供最佳实践，对当前的指导计划进行了总结，并对美国和国际上助产领域的指导进行了科学综述。讨论了三种类型的指导关系：（1）学生对学生（同伴），（2）助产士对学生，（3）助产士对新毕业的助产士。讨论了有效模式和推荐方法，以维持、多样化和扩大助产士队伍。提供了有效导师和学员的个人属性和行动步骤。
