Adewole Deborah I, Oladokun Samson, Santin Elizabeth
Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada.
JEFO Nutrition Inc., Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2R 2E7, Canada.
Anim Nutr. 2021 Dec;7(4):1039-1051. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.02.001. Epub 2021 May 24.
This study evaluated the effect of organic acids-essential oils blend with or without oat hulls (OH) on growth performance, organ weights, blood parameters, gut morphology, microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in broiler chickens. Day-old broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments consisting of 1) a corn-soybean meal-wheat based diet (BAS), 2) BAS + 0.05% bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD), 3) BAS + protected organic acids-essential oils at 300 g/1,000 kg of feed (OE), and 4) BAS + protected organic acids-essential oils at 300 g/1,000 kg of feed + 3% OH (OEOH), in 8 replicate groups. Feeding was in starter (d 0 to 14), grower (d 14 to 24), and finisher (d 24 to 36) phases. Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality were determined weekly. On d 36, 8 chickens per treatment were sampled for blood biochemistry, organ weights, cecal SCFA production, and microbiota. Treatments had no effect on FI and FCR at all phases. Both OE and OEOH treatments reduced ( < 0.001) the body weight gain of birds at the starter phase. Birds fed the OEOH treatment had higher ( < 0.001) gizzard weight, while those offered the BMD diet showed a tendency ( = 0.08) to have higher cecal weight. Birds in the OEOH treatment recorded increased ileal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, as well as reduced duodenal crypt depth, while birds in the OE treatment had increased jejunal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio. Both OEOH and OE treatments increased the number of goblet cells produced in the duodenum and jejunum. Treatments had no effect on SCFA concentrations. Birds in the OE treatment recorded the lowest concentration of blood urea ( = 0.05) and cholesterol ( < 0.05). Both OE and OEOH treatments increased ( < 0.05) the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria in the genus Firmicutes_unclassified, , , and Erysipelotrichaceae_unclassified, while reducing ( < 0.001) the relative abundance of potentially harmful . Conclusively, both protected organic acids-essential oils blend and its combination with oat fibers show potential as tools to achieve antibiotics reduction in broiler production.
本研究评估了添加或不添加燕麦壳（OH）的有机酸 - 精油混合物对肉鸡生长性能、器官重量、血液参数、肠道形态、微生物群和短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的影响。1日龄肉鸡随机分为4种日粮处理组，分别为：1）基于玉米 - 豆粕 - 小麦的日粮（基础日粮，BAS）；2）基础日粮 + 0.05% 杆菌肽亚甲基二水杨酸酯（BMD）；3）基础日粮 + 300 g/1000 kg饲料的包膜有机酸 - 精油（OE）；4）基础日粮 + 300 g/1000 kg饲料的包膜有机酸 - 精油 + 3%燕麦壳（OEOH），每组8个重复。饲养分为育雏期（第0至14天）、生长期（第14至24天）和育肥期（第24至36天）。每周测定体重（BW）、采食量（FI）、饲料转化率（FCR）和死亡率。在第36天，每个处理组选取8只鸡进行血液生化、器官重量、盲肠SCFA产量和微生物群的采样。各处理组在所有阶段对采食量和饲料转化率均无影响。OE和OEOH处理均降低了（P < 0.001）育雏期鸡的体重增加。饲喂OEOH处理的鸡肌胃重量更高（P < 0.001），而饲喂BMD日粮的鸡盲肠重量有增加的趋势（P = 0.08）。OEOH处理组鸡的回肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比增加，十二指肠隐窝深度降低，而OE处理组鸡空肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比增加。OEOH和OE处理均增加了十二指肠和空肠中杯状细胞的数量。各处理对SCFA浓度无影响。OE处理组鸡的血液尿素浓度最低（P = 0.05），胆固醇浓度也最低（P < 0.05）。OE和OEOH处理均增加了（P < 0.05）未分类的厚壁菌属、、和未分类的丹毒丝菌科中潜在有益细菌的相对丰度，同时降低了（P < 0.001）潜在有害菌的相对丰度。总之，包膜有机酸 - 精油混合物及其与燕麦纤维的组合显示出作为肉鸡生产中减少抗生素使用工具的潜力。
