Apinov, Scientific Beekeeping & Training Center, 10 rue Henri Bessemer, Lagord, France.
Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7621, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France.
Pest Manag Sci. 2022 Feb;78(2):831-840. doi: 10.1002/ps.6698. Epub 2021 Nov 20.
Varroa destructor is a parasite of honeybees. It causes biological damage leading to the colony collapse in the absence of treatment. In recent years, acaricide resistance has emerged in Varroa mites, leading to a decrease in treatment efficacy. We modelled the action of Apivar (amitraz) treatment, using three input parameters: treatment duration, treatment period, and daily mortality due to the treatment. The output parameters were cumulative mite mortality during treatment, the residual number of Varroa mites, and treatment efficacy, expressed as a percentage.
The model was validated by monitoring efficacy in the field, in 36 treated hives. According to the model, treatment in the absence of brood is optimal. For a long period without egg laying during the winter, an initial infestation of 100 mites and a start date for treatment of August 7, a minimal treatment efficacy of 98.8% is required for stabilization of the mite population for year to year. More effective treatment is associated with lower cumulative numbers of dead Varroa mites over the entire treatment period. Thus, the total number of dead mites observed during the monitoring of field efficacy provides information about more than just the initial level of colony infestation. The proportion of resistant mites can be modelized by a decrease of daily mortality rate influencing treatment efficacy. Management of the initial Varroa mite infestation of the colony by the beekeeper can compensate for the decrease in treatment efficacy for resistance thresholds of up to 40% of resistant mites.
Treatment efficacy depends on several parameters, including initial level of infestation, treatment period and the presence of acaricide resistance. Amitraz resistance may lead to treatment failure, even if the beekeeper is able to keep initial infestation rates low. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
瓦螨是蜜蜂的寄生虫。如果不进行治疗，它会造成生物损害，导致蜂群崩溃。近年来，瓦螨对杀螨剂产生了抗药性，导致治疗效果下降。我们使用三个输入参数来模拟 Apivar（咪鲜胺）处理的作用：处理持续时间、处理期和因处理而导致的每日死亡率。输出参数是处理过程中累积的螨虫死亡率、残留的瓦螨数量和治疗效果，以百分比表示。
该模型通过监测 36 个处理蜂群的现场效果进行了验证。根据该模型，在没有幼虫的情况下进行处理是最佳的。对于冬季长时间没有产卵的情况，如果初始感染 100 只螨虫，并且从 8 月 7 日开始治疗，那么需要最小的治疗效果 98.8%，才能稳定螨虫数量，以年复一年。更有效的治疗与整个治疗期间死亡的螨虫数量减少有关。因此，在监测现场效果期间观察到的总死亡螨虫数量不仅提供了初始群体感染程度的信息。抗药性螨虫的比例可以通过降低影响治疗效果的每日死亡率来建模。养蜂人对群体初始瓦螨感染的管理可以补偿抗药性阈值高达 40%的螨虫的治疗效果下降。
治疗效果取决于几个参数，包括初始感染程度、处理期和杀螨剂抗性的存在。即使养蜂人能够保持初始感染率低，咪鲜胺的抗药性也可能导致治疗失败。© 2021 英国化学学会。
