World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation.
World Health Organization (WHO) Child and Adolescent Health and Development, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Obes Rev. 2021 Nov;22 Suppl 6:e13300. doi: 10.1111/obr.13300. Epub 2021 Nov 4.
Over the past two decades, a concerted effort to combat the rising tide of childhood overweight and obesity has taken shape. The World Health Organization (WHO) Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity (ECHO) provides recommendations for six priority areas of action, including the promotion of healthy food consumption, promotion of physical activity, preconception and pregnancy care, early childhood diet and physical activity, healthy nutrition and physical activity for school-aged children, and community-based weight management. This paper provides a snapshot of policies and measures aligned to these areas of action within the WHO European Region in order to encourage other countries to make similar efforts. Examples are drawn from Portugal (sugar-sweetened beverage tax, integrated nutrition strategy), the United Kingdom (soft drink levy, active commuting programs, urban design principles), Lithuania (prohibition of energy drinks), Norway (industry and government partnerships to promote healthier foods, nutrition education curriculum for schools), Hungary (tax subsidies to promote healthy diets), the European Union (cross-border marketing regulations, preconception and pregnancy care), Slovenia (food marketing restrictions), Spain (marketing restrictions within educational settings), Poland (investing in sports infrastructure), Russia (increasing sports participation), Estonia (redevelopment of the physical education curriculum), Netherlands (preconception and pregnancy care), Croatia (conditions to support breastfeeding), Austria (perinatal and early childhood nutrition), Czechia (life-course strategy), San Marino (nutrition and physical activity for school-aged children), Ukraine (potable water for schools), Ireland and Italy (community-based weight management approaches). Our findings suggest that a large disparity exists among the type and breadth of policies adopted by Member States, with a mix of single-issue policy responses and more cohesive strategies. The role of data, implementation research, and ongoing surveillance of country-level progress related to childhood overweight and obesity policies are discussed as an essential part of the iterative process of policy development. Additional work to systematically gather context-specific information on policy development, implementation, and reach according to ECHO's six areas of action by WHO European Region countries will inform future policy paradigms within the region.
在过去的二十年中，一场应对儿童超重和肥胖问题日益严重的协同行动已经形成。世界卫生组织（世卫组织）终止儿童肥胖问题委员会（ECHO）提出了六个优先行动领域的建议，包括促进健康食品消费、促进身体活动、孕前和孕期保健、幼儿饮食和身体活动、学龄儿童健康营养和身体活动、以及社区为基础的体重管理。本文提供了世卫组织欧洲区域内与这些行动领域相一致的政策和措施的简要概述，以鼓励其他国家做出类似努力。例子来自葡萄牙（含糖饮料税、综合营养战略）、联合王国（软饮料征税、积极通勤计划、城市设计原则）、立陶宛（禁止能量饮料）、挪威（行业和政府合作促进更健康的食品、学校营养教育课程）、匈牙利（税收补贴促进健康饮食）、欧盟（跨境营销法规、孕前和孕期保健）、斯洛文尼亚（食品营销限制）、西班牙（教育机构内的营销限制）、波兰（投资于体育基础设施）、俄罗斯（增加体育参与）、爱沙尼亚（重新开发体育教育课程）、荷兰（孕前和孕期保健）、克罗地亚（支持母乳喂养的条件）、奥地利（围产期和儿童早期营养）、捷克（终身策略）、圣马力诺（学龄儿童健康营养和身体活动）、乌克兰（学校饮用水）、爱尔兰和意大利（社区为基础的体重管理方法）。我们的研究结果表明，会员国所采用的政策类型和广度存在很大差异，既有单一问题的政策应对，也有更具凝聚力的战略。讨论了数据在政策制定中的作用、实施研究以及与儿童超重和肥胖政策相关的国家进展的持续监测，作为政策制定迭代过程的重要组成部分。世卫组织欧洲区域国家根据 ECHO 的六个行动领域系统地收集有关政策制定、实施和覆盖范围的具体情况信息的额外工作，将为该区域的未来政策模式提供信息。
