Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Aug 26;24(1):2308. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19724-y.
Frequent consumption of Energy Drinks (EDs) is associated with numerous health problems, including overweight and obesity, particularly among children and adolescents. The extensive promotion, wide accessibility, and relatively low cost of EDs have significantly increased their popularity among this age group. This paper examines policies/programs that, directly and indirectly, contribute to reducing ED consumption in children and adolescents and shares global experiences to help policymakers adopt evidence-based policies.
A systematic search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to June 2024, along with reputable international organization websites, to find literature on policies aimed at reducing ED consumption among children and adolescents. All sources meeting the inclusion criteria were included without restrictions. Titles and abstracts were initially screened, followed by a full-text review. After evaluating the quality of the selected studies, data were extracted and, along with information from the selected documents, compiled into a table, detailing the country, policy type, and the effectiveness and weaknesses of each policy.
Out of 12166 reviewed studies and documents, 84 studies and 70 documents met the inclusion criteria. 73 countries and territories have implemented policies like taxation, sales bans, school bans, labeling, and marketing restrictions on EDs. Most employ fiscal measures, reducing consumption despite enforcement challenges. Labeling, access restrictions, and marketing bans are common but face issues like black markets.
This scoping review outlines diverse strategies adopted by countries to reduce ED consumption among children and teenagers, such as taxation, school bans, sales restrictions, and labeling requirements. While heightened awareness of ED harms has reinforced policy efforts, many Asian and African nations lack such measures, some policies remain outdated for over a decade, and existing policies face several challenges. These challenges encompass industry resistance, governmental disagreements, public opposition, economic considerations, and the intricacies of policy design. Considering this, countries should tailor policies to their cultural and social contexts, taking into account each policy's strengths and weaknesses to avoid loopholes. Inter-sectoral cooperation, ongoing policy monitoring, updates, and public education campaigns are essential to raise awareness and ensure effective implementation.
频繁饮用能量饮料（EDs）与许多健康问题有关，包括超重和肥胖，尤其是在儿童和青少年中。EDs 的广泛宣传、广泛的可及性和相对较低的成本使其在该年龄段的人群中非常受欢迎。本文研究了直接和间接有助于减少儿童和青少年 ED 消费的政策/计划，并分享了全球经验，以帮助政策制定者采用基于证据的政策。
从 2000 年 1 月到 2024 年 6 月，我们使用 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库以及声誉良好的国际组织网站进行了系统搜索，以查找旨在减少儿童和青少年 ED 消费的政策的文献。没有限制地纳入了符合纳入标准的所有来源。首先筛选标题和摘要，然后进行全文审查。在评估所选研究的质量后，提取数据并与所选文件的信息一起编制成表格，详细说明国家、政策类型以及每项政策的有效性和弱点。
在审查的 12166 项研究和文件中，有 84 项研究和 70 项文件符合纳入标准。73 个国家和地区对 EDs 实施了税收、销售禁令、学校禁令、标签和营销限制等政策。大多数国家都采用了财政措施，尽管存在执法挑战，但仍能降低消费。标签、准入限制和营销禁令很常见，但面临黑市等问题。
本范围界定审查概述了各国为减少儿童和青少年 ED 消费而采取的各种策略，例如税收、学校禁令、销售限制和标签要求。虽然对 ED 危害的认识提高加强了政策努力，但许多亚洲和非洲国家缺乏这些措施，一些政策已经过时十多年，现有的政策面临着许多挑战。这些挑战包括行业抵制、政府分歧、公众反对、经济考虑因素和政策设计的复杂性。考虑到这一点，各国应根据自己的文化和社会背景制定政策，考虑到每项政策的优缺点，避免出现漏洞。部门间合作、持续的政策监测、更新和公众教育活动对于提高认识和确保有效实施至关重要。
