College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China.
Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2021 Dec;413(30):7597-7607. doi: 10.1007/s00216-021-03724-7. Epub 2021 Nov 5.
Accurate analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in shellfish is important to protect seafood safety and human health. In this study, the performance of different extraction protocols for PSTs from scallop tissues is compared and discussed, including regular extraction solvents hydrochloric acid (HCl) and acetic acid (AcOH) followed by heating and solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification, and a novel technique of matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) without heating. The possible conversion of C1/2 and GTX2/3 standards after heating, and the stability of PSTs in wet scallop tissues stored at -20 °C for a 6-month period are also explored. Results showed that the MSPD technique could effectively mitigate matrix interference, but its recoveries of PSTs were significantly lower than those of the HCl and AcOH extraction methods followed by carbon SPE purification. The molar concentrations of M-toxins obtained by the MSPD method were generally lower than those analyzed by the HCl and AcOH extraction methods, which demonstrated a weak chemical conversion of C1/2 and GTX2/3 due to the heating process. Most of the PSTs were relatively stable in scallop tissues during 1-month storage at -20 °C, while the concentrations of PSTs in scallop tissues obviously changed after 6 months due to the degradation and transformation of PSTs during long-term storage at -20 °C. This work helps improve our understanding of the performance of different extraction methods and the stability of PSTs in scallop tissues stored at -20 °C.
准确分析贝类中的麻痹性贝类毒素 (PSTs) 对于保护海鲜安全和人类健康至关重要。在这项研究中，比较和讨论了从扇贝组织中提取 PSTs 的不同提取方案的性能，包括常规提取溶剂盐酸 (HCl) 和乙酸 (AcOH) ，随后进行加热和固相萃取 (SPE) 纯化，以及一种无需加热的新型基质固相分散 (MSPD) 技术。还探讨了加热后 C1/2 和 GTX2/3 标准品可能的转化，以及在 -20°C 下储存 6 个月的湿扇贝组织中 PSTs 的稳定性。结果表明，MSPD 技术可以有效减轻基质干扰，但与 HCl 和 AcOH 提取方法以及随后的碳 SPE 纯化相比，其 PSTs 的回收率明显较低。通过 MSPD 方法获得的 M 毒素摩尔浓度通常低于通过 HCl 和 AcOH 提取方法分析的浓度，这表明由于加热过程，C1/2 和 GTX2/3 发生了较弱的化学转化。在 -20°C 下储存 1 个月期间，大多数 PSTs 在扇贝组织中相对稳定，而在 -20°C 下长期储存期间，由于 PSTs 的降解和转化，扇贝组织中 PSTs 的浓度明显变化。这项工作有助于提高我们对不同提取方法的性能以及在 -20°C 下储存的扇贝组织中 PSTs 稳定性的理解。
