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通过计算机断层扫描和内窥镜评估对山羊外耳和中耳进行描述性研究，并与人耳进行比较。

Descriptive study of goat external and middle ear through computed tomography and endoscopic evaluation, compared with the human ear.

机构信息

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.

出版信息

Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2023 Jan-Feb;89(1):35-47. doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.07.006. Epub 2021 Oct 13.

DOI:10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.07.006
PMID:34740556
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9874343/
Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To describe the external and middle ear of goats, using computed tomography and endoscopic dissection, comparing them with the anatomy of the human ear, aiming to evaluate the viability of this animal model for training in otological endoscopic surgery.

METHODS

Images of the external and middle ear of goats were produced by computed tomography in the coronal and axial planes and analyzed. The radiological anatomy of the external and middle goat and human ear are described. Some measures of surgical interest were described, such as the length of the external auditory canal, external and internal cross-sectional area of the external auditory canal, middle ear depth, vertical angle of the external auditory canal, length of malleus and incus. After the tomographic study, we analyzed the importance of evaluations through the endoscopic dissection of the goat ear.

RESULTS

The bony canal is extremely tortuous and shows a bony prominence with significant elevation near the lower edge of the tympanic membrane. The middle ear has a large tympanic bulla in the hypotympanum region. The malleus is shaped similarly to that of the human, but its handle is located anterior to its head. The mastoid is not pneumatized. Compared to the human mastoid, there was a statistically significant difference in the external and internal cross-sectional area, at the depth of the middle ear, in the vertical angle of the canal and in the length of the incus.

CONCLUSION

Goat morphometric anatomy showed that this model is suitable for surgical simulation in the initial training for endoscopic otological surgery. It is an important contribution to the development of skills to accelerate the subsequent endoscopic otological surgical training in humans, despite some differences found.

摘要

目的

通过计算机断层扫描和内镜解剖描述山羊的外耳和中耳，并与人类耳朵的解剖结构进行比较，旨在评估该动物模型在耳内镜手术培训中的可行性。

方法

对山羊的外耳和中耳进行冠状面和轴位计算机断层扫描，对图像进行分析。描述山羊和人类外耳和中耳的放射学解剖结构。描述了一些具有手术意义的测量值，例如外耳道的长度、外耳道的外部和内部横截面积、中耳的深度、外耳道的垂直角度、锤骨和砧骨的长度。在进行断层扫描研究后，我们通过山羊耳部的内镜解剖分析了评估的重要性。

结果

骨性耳道极度弯曲，在鼓膜下缘附近有一个明显凸起的骨性突起。中耳在听小骨下区有一个大的鼓室泡。锤骨的形状与人类相似，但锤骨柄位于锤骨头的前方。乳突未气化。与人类乳突相比，在外耳道的外部和内部横截面积、中耳深度、耳道垂直角度和砧骨长度方面存在统计学显著差异。

结论

山羊形态解剖学表明，该模型适合作为内镜耳科手术初步培训中的手术模拟。尽管存在一些差异，但它为发展技能做出了重要贡献，可加速后续人类内镜耳科手术的培训。

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