School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Mar 10;811:151385. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151385. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
Global climate change caused by fossil energy consumption is strongly threatening the species diversity of mammals. In particular, changes in temperature and precipitation have affected the habitat of pangolins. Thus, we employed the MaxEnt modeling approach to simulate the potential habitat distribution of pangolins under the current climate and future climate change scenarios during 2081-2100. The habitats of the two Phataginus pangolins were mainly affected by temperature and precipitation. Conversely, geomorphological factors mainly affected the habitat of pangolins in the genus Smutsia. Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, the habitat of Smutsia gigantea increased by 460.8 Mha, while that of Smutsia temminckii decreased by 89.4 Mha. Temperature and altitude affected the habitat of Manis crassicaudata, while vegetation coverage affected the habitat of Manis javanica. Moreover, human activities threatened the habitat of pangolins in Africa and India. However, labor transfer in southern China weakened the negative effects of human activities on the survival of pangolins in rural regions. Due to the lack of uniform intergovernmental schemes regarding global pangolin protection, the illegal pangolin trade threatens pangolin species worldwide, especially in Africa. From current to future scenarios, climate change increased the habitats of Manis crassicaudata, Manis javanica, Smutsia gigantea and Phataginus tetradactyla, while the habitats of Manis pentadactyla and Smutsia temminckii were threatened. Moreover, the total habitat area of the pantropical distribution zone in the Southern Hemisphere (26°S-33°S) decreased, mainly due to the extensive reduction in Smutsia temminckii habitat. The habitat of the pantropical zone in the Northern Hemisphere (19°N-28°N) basically remained unchanged. Increases in the habitat of the tropical distribution zone (11°S-17°N) were dominated by habitat gains for Smutsia gigantea. These findings provide scientific evidence to support global pangolin protection.
由于化石能源消耗导致的全球气候变化强烈威胁着哺乳动物的物种多样性。特别是，温度和降水的变化影响了穿山甲的栖息地。因此，我们采用 MaxEnt 模型方法来模拟当前气候和 2081-2100 年未来气候变化情景下穿山甲的潜在栖息地分布。两种穿山甲的栖息地主要受到温度和降水的影响。相反，地貌因素主要影响 Smutsia 属穿山甲的栖息地。在 SSP5-8.5 情景下，Smutsia gigantea 的栖息地增加了 460.8 Mha，而 Smutsia temminckii 的栖息地减少了 89.4 Mha。温度和海拔影响 Manis crassicaudata 的栖息地，而植被覆盖影响 Manis javanica 的栖息地。此外，人类活动威胁着非洲和印度穿山甲的栖息地。然而，中国南方的劳动力转移减弱了人类活动对农村地区穿山甲生存的负面影响。由于缺乏关于全球穿山甲保护的统一政府间计划，非法穿山甲贸易威胁着全世界的穿山甲物种，尤其是在非洲。从当前到未来情景，气候变化增加了 Manis crassicaudata、Manis javanica、Smutsia gigantea 和 Phataginus tetradactyla 的栖息地，而 Manis pentadactyla 和 Smutsia temminckii 的栖息地受到威胁。此外，南半球（26°S-33°S）泛热带分布区的总栖息地面积减少，主要是由于 Smutsia temminckii 栖息地的大量减少。北半球（19°N-28°N）泛热带区的栖息地基本保持不变。热带分布区（11°S-17°N）的栖息地增加主要是由于 Smutsia gigantea 的栖息地增加。这些发现为全球穿山甲保护提供了科学依据。
