SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400 056, India.
SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400 056, India.
Carbohydr Polym. 2022 Jan 1;275:118668. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118668. Epub 2021 Sep 14.
The present review explores the recent developments of cellulose nanocrystals, a class of captivating nanomaterials in variety of applications. CNCs are made by acid hydrolysing cellulosic materials like wood, cotton, tunicate, flax fibers by sonochemistry. It has many desirable properties, including a high tensile strength, wide surface area, stiffness, exceptional colloidal stability, and the ability to be modified. CNCs are colloidally stable, hydrophilic, and rigid rod-shaped bio-based nanomaterials in the form of rigid rods with high strength and surface area that has a diverse set of applications and properties. The intriguing features emerging from numerous fibers studies, such as renewable character and biodegradability, piqued the curiosity of many researchers who worked on lowering the size of these fibers. Physicochemical properties such as rheological, mechanical, thermal, lipid crystalline, swelling capacity, microstructural properties result in affecting surface-area to volume ratio and crystallinity of cellulose nanocrystals. The present article highlights the fundamentals of cellulose nanocrystals such as sources, isolation, fabrication, properties and surface modification with an emphasis on plethora of biomedical applications. Selected nanocellulose studies with significant findings on cellular labelling and bioimaging, tissue engineering, biosensors, gene delivery, anti-viral property, anti-bacterial property, ocular delivery, modified drug release, anti-cancer activity and enzyme immobilization are emphasized.
本综述探讨了纤维素纳米晶体的最新进展，这是一类在多种应用中引人注目的纳米材料。CNC 是通过超声化学方法从纤维素材料（如木材、棉花、被囊动物纤维、亚麻纤维）中酸水解制得的。它具有许多理想的特性，包括高强度、大比表面积、刚性、出色的胶体稳定性以及可修饰性。CNC 是胶体稳定的、亲水的、刚性棒状的生物基纳米材料，呈刚性棒状，具有高强度和大比表面积，具有多种应用和特性。从众多纤维研究中出现的有趣特征，如可再生性和可生物降解性，引起了许多研究人员的兴趣，他们致力于降低这些纤维的尺寸。物理化学性质，如流变学、力学、热学、脂质结晶、溶胀能力、微观结构性质，会影响纤维素纳米晶体的比表面积与体积比和结晶度。本文重点介绍了纤维素纳米晶体的基本原理，如来源、分离、制造、性质和表面改性，重点介绍了其在众多生物医学应用中的应用。强调了一些具有重要发现的纳米纤维素研究，如细胞标记和生物成像、组织工程、生物传感器、基因传递、抗病毒特性、抗菌特性、眼部给药、改良药物释放、抗癌活性和酶固定化。
