Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Oct;278(Pt 4):135200. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135200. Epub 2024 Sep 10.
Nanocellulose, a versatile biopolymer renowned for its exceptional physicochemical attributes including lightweight, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and higher mechanical strength properties has captured significant attention in biomedical research. This renewable material, extracted from widely abundant biosources including plants, bacteria, and algae, exists in three primary forms: cellulose-based nanocrystals (CNCs), nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). CNCs are characterized by their highly crystalline, needle-shaped structure, while CNFs possess a blend of amorphous and crystalline regions. BNC stands out as the purest form of nanocellulose. Chemical functionalization enables precise tuning of nanocellulose properties, enhancing its suitability for diverse biomedical applications. In drug delivery systems, nanocellulose's unique structure and surface chemistry offer opportunities for targeted delivery of active molecules. Surface-modified nanocellulose can effectively deliver drugs to specific sites, utilizing its inherent properties to control drug release kinetics and improve therapeutic outcomes. Despite these advantages, challenges such as achieving optimal drug loading capacity and ensuring sustained drug release remain. Future research aims to address these challenges and explore novel applications of nano-structured cellulose in targeted drug delivery, highlighting the continued evolution of this promising biomaterial in biomedicine. Furthermore, the review delves into the impact of chemical, physical, and enzymatic methods for CNC surface modifications, showcasing how these approaches enhance the functionalization of CNCs for targeted delivery of different compounds in biological systems.
纳米纤维素是一种多功能的生物聚合物，以其出色的物理化学特性而闻名，包括轻量、生物相容性、可生物降解性和更高的机械强度特性，在生物医学研究中引起了广泛关注。这种可再生材料从广泛存在的生物资源中提取，包括植物、细菌和藻类，存在三种主要形式：纤维素基纳米晶体 (CNC)、纳米纤维 (CNF) 和细菌纳米纤维素 (BNC)。CNC 的特点是具有高度结晶的针状结构，而 CNF 则具有无定形和结晶区域的混合物。BNC 是最纯净的纳米纤维素形式。化学官能化可实现纳米纤维素特性的精确调整，提高其在各种生物医学应用中的适用性。在药物传递系统中，纳米纤维素的独特结构和表面化学为靶向传递活性分子提供了机会。经过表面修饰的纳米纤维素可以有效地将药物递送到特定部位，利用其固有特性来控制药物释放动力学并改善治疗效果。尽管有这些优势，但仍存在一些挑战，如实现最佳药物负载能力和确保持续药物释放等问题。未来的研究旨在解决这些挑战，并探索纳米结构纤维素在靶向药物传递中的新应用，突显了这种有前途的生物材料在生物医学领域的不断发展。此外，本综述还深入探讨了 CNC 表面修饰的化学、物理和酶方法的影响，展示了这些方法如何增强 CNC 的功能化，以实现不同化合物在生物系统中的靶向传递。
