Holopainen Sari, Lehikoinen Aleksi
LUOMUS - Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 17, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
LUOMUS - Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 17, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 1;806(Pt 4):151477. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151477. Epub 2021 Nov 4.
Increasing anthropogenic pressures have affected the status of surface freshwater ecosystems. Eutrophication, water browning, acidification, and several other processes may be channelled through the food web. In this study, we evaluate the role of hydrology impacting anthropogenic pressures, flows from urban, farmland and ditched forest areas, and how they explain the physico-chemical quality of lakes and ponds in the boreal biome of Finland. We study the long-term effect around 445 waterfowl survey sites that had physico-chemical measurements (total phosphorus, total nitrogen, pH, water clarity and colour) produced by Finnish environmental authorities done in years 1986-2020. Furthermore, we investigate whether a long-term national-level citizen science study focusing on rather robust visible habitat structures measured by the volunteers can reveal physico-chemical water quality using data from >270 lakes where the waterfowl habitat survey and physico-chemical measurements could be spatio-temporally matched. Farmland occurrence around the lakes was positively associated with pH, colour and nutrient concentrations but negatively associated with water clarity. Furthermore, ditch length was positively associated with nitrogen concentration and water colour, while being negatively associated with pH and water clarity. Overall, the studied lakes showed a negative trend in nutrients and clarity but a positive trend in pH and colour. As expected, nutrient concentration increased and clarity decreased along the gradient from oligotrophic to eutrophic lake habitat classifications, which suggests that the citizen science classification seem to reflect the subsurface physico-chemical status of the lakes. We conclude that farming and forest ditching practices in particular seem to associate with the state of the study lakes and that the ecological impacts of intensified turbidity and brownification in wetland ecosystems should be studied further in the future. Sustainable improvement of water quality rests upon scientific understanding of biogeochemical processes in lake ecosystems and the primary sources of the nutrient and sediment loading.
日益增加的人为压力已经影响了地表淡水生态系统的状况。富营养化、水体褐变、酸化以及其他一些过程可能会通过食物网传导。在本研究中，我们评估了水文对人为压力的影响作用，来自城市、农田和沟渠化森林地区的水流，以及它们如何解释芬兰北方生物群落中湖泊和池塘的物理化学质量。我们研究了约445个水鸟调查点周围的长期影响，这些调查点有芬兰环境当局在1986 - 2020年进行的物理化学测量（总磷、总氮、pH值、水体透明度和颜色）。此外，我们调查了一项长期的国家级公民科学研究，该研究聚焦于由志愿者测量的相当稳健的可见栖息地结构，能否利用来自>270个湖泊的数据揭示物理化学水质，在这些湖泊中，水鸟栖息地调查和物理化学测量在时空上可以匹配。湖泊周围农田的出现与pH值、颜色和营养物浓度呈正相关，但与水体透明度呈负相关。此外，沟渠长度与氮浓度和水体颜色呈正相关，而与pH值和水体透明度呈负相关。总体而言，所研究的湖泊在营养物和透明度方面呈下降趋势，但在pH值和颜色方面呈上升趋势。正如预期的那样，沿着从贫营养到富营养湖泊栖息地分类的梯度，营养物浓度增加而透明度降低，这表明公民科学分类似乎反映了湖泊的地下物理化学状况。我们得出结论，特别是农业和森林沟渠化做法似乎与研究湖泊的状态有关，未来应进一步研究湿地生态系统中强化的浊度和褐变的生态影响。水质的可持续改善取决于对湖泊生态系统中生物地球化学过程以及营养物和沉积物负荷主要来源的科学理解。
