Tsapenko I P
Primakov National Research Institute of the World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Her Russ Acad Sci. 2021;91(5):525-534. doi: 10.1134/S1019331621050099. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
Forced mobility and forced immobility are not just polar types of involuntary migration behavior. According to the author, they are closely interconnected and are like communicating vessels, being a product of common causes: conflict, violence, and unfavorable environmental processes, the action of which can be both stimulating and hindering movement. The decision to leave or stay is influenced by a wide range of objective factors and subjective circumstances, including values, preferences, emotions, irrationality, etc. The growing social instability and disadvantages are reflected in an increased scale of forced displacements and an increased share of refugees among migrants, which indicates an increase in the forced nature of modern migration. The proliferation of hot spots of conflicts and disasters increases the risk of falling into the traps of immobility for people who do not have resources for migration. Comprehensive solutions and joint action by states and other interested parties can help improve protection and support for those affected by political and natural disasters. There is a trend towards extending aid to broader needy groups.
被迫迁移和被迫滞留并非仅仅是两种极端的非自愿迁移行为类型。据作者所言，它们紧密相连，宛如连通器，是共同成因的产物：冲突、暴力以及不利的环境进程，其作用既可能刺激迁移，也可能阻碍迁移。离开或留下的决定受诸多客观因素和主观情形影响，包括价值观、偏好、情感、非理性因素等。社会不稳定加剧以及不利因素增多，反映在被迫流离失所规模扩大以及难民在移民中所占比例增加，这表明现代迁移的被迫性质在增强。冲突和灾害热点地区的扩散，增加了那些没有迁移资源的人陷入滞留困境的风险。各国及其他相关方采取全面解决方案和联合行动，有助于改善对受政治和自然灾害影响者的保护与支持。存在着将援助范围扩大到更广泛贫困群体的趋势。
