Forced Mobility and Immobility in a Turbulent World.

Forced mobility and forced immobility are not just polar types of involuntary migration behavior. According to the author, they are closely interconnected and are like communicating vessels, being a product of common causes: conflict, violence, and unfavorable environmental processes, the action of which can be both stimulating and hindering movement. The decision to leave or stay is influenced by a wide range of objective factors and subjective circumstances, including values, preferences, emotions, irrationality, etc. The growing social instability and disadvantages are reflected in an increased scale of forced displacements and an increased share of refugees among migrants, which indicates an increase in the forced nature of modern migration. The proliferation of hot spots of conflicts and disasters increases the risk of falling into the traps of immobility for people who do not have resources for migration. Comprehensive solutions and joint action by states and other interested parties can help improve protection and support for those affected by political and natural disasters. There is a trend towards extending aid to broader needy groups.