Al Qamariat Zahra, Almaghaslah Dalia
Intesive Care Unite, First Health Cluster in Eastern Province, Dammam Health Network, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Infect Drug Resist. 2021 Oct 30;14:4517-4528. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S336994. eCollection 2021.
Saudi Arabia is one of the countries facing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The pharmacist is an important stakeholder in the healthcare system who plays a crucial role in avoiding AMR and implementing antimicrobial stewardship (AMS).
A cross-sectional design was used in this study. The online questionnaire collected data regarding the enablers that have helped in preparing pharmacists to handle AMR and the barriers faced by pharmacy personnel in handling AMR, as well as the strategies used to overcome the identified barriers.
A total of 109 participants were included in the study. Just under two thirds (62.4%) of participants were female and the majority (70.6%) worked as pharmacists. Just under half (41.7%) had between 6 and 10 years of work experience. Three quarters (74.3%) had antimicrobial stewardship in place and around the same number (73.4%) were involved in handling infectious disease management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacists have found that preparatory items/tasks, pharmacy college curriculum, pharmacy rotation, years of experience and self-education related to AMR handling to be natural, with a mean of 3.2. The participants found all the barriers - insufficient background, in site education and training, limited time, limited CPD activities, limited educational tools and no free access to relevant clinical journals - to be relevant, with a mean of 4.05. The participants found all the enablers - CPD activities, funded educational programs, allowing time for self-education, accessible educational resources and tools, annual evolution of competencies - to be relevant, with a mean of 4.12.
The study concluded that the barriers preventing the handling of AMR could be overcome through allowing pharmacists more time for self-directed continuous education, providing access to tools and online educational resources, and offering pharmacists funded courses to equip them with the knowledge, skills and competencies needed to handle AMR.
沙特阿拉伯是面临抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）出现的国家之一。药剂师是医疗保健系统中的重要利益相关者，在避免AMR和实施抗菌药物管理（AMS）方面发挥着关键作用。
本研究采用横断面设计。在线问卷收集了有关有助于药剂师应对AMR的促成因素、药房人员在应对AMR时面临的障碍以及用于克服已识别障碍的策略的数据。
共有109名参与者纳入本研究。略少于三分之二（62.4%）的参与者为女性，大多数（70.6%）担任药剂师。略少于一半（41.7%）的参与者有6至10年的工作经验。四分之三（74.3%）的机构有抗菌药物管理措施，约相同比例（73.4%）的人在新冠疫情期间参与了传染病管理工作。药剂师发现与AMR处理相关的准备项目/任务、药学院课程、药房轮岗、工作年限和自我教育等因素较为自然，平均分为3.2。参与者发现所有障碍——背景知识不足、现场教育和培训、时间有限、继续职业发展（CPD）活动有限、教育工具有限以及无法免费获取相关临床期刊——都较为相关，平均分为4.05。参与者发现所有促成因素——CPD活动、资助的教育项目、给予自我教育时间、可获取的教育资源和工具、能力的年度评估——都较为相关，平均分为4.12。
该研究得出结论，通过给予药剂师更多时间进行自主持续教育、提供工具和在线教育资源以及为药剂师提供资助课程，使其具备应对AMR所需的知识、技能和能力，可以克服阻碍应对AMR的障碍。
